PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: In 2011, Brants et al. trained eight individuals to become Greeble experts and found neuronal inversion effects [NIEs; i.e., higher fusiform face area (FFA) activity for upright, rather than inverted Greebles]. These effects were also found for faces, both before and after training. By claiming to have replicated the seminal Greeble training study by Gauthier and colleagues in 1999, Brants et al. interpreted these results as participants viewing Greebles as faces throughout training, contrary to the original argument of subjects becoming Greeble experts only after training. However, Brants et al.\'s claim presents two issues. First, their behavioral training results did not replicate those of Gauthier and Tarr conducted in 1997 and 1998, raising concerns of whether the right training regime had been adopted. Second, both a literature review and meta-analysis of NIEs in the FFA suggest its impotency as an index of the face(-like) processing.
UNASSIGNED: To empirically evaluate these issues, the present study compared two documented training paradigms Gauthier and colleagues in 1997 and 1998, and compared their impact on the brain.
UNASSIGNED: Sixteen NCKU undergraduate and graduate students (nine girls) were recruited. Sixty Greeble exemplars were categorized by two genders, five families, and six individual levels. The participants were randomly divided into two groups (one for Greeble classification at all three levels and the other for gender- and individual-level training). Several fMRI tasks were administered at various time points, specifically, before training (1st), during training (2nd), and typically no <24 h after reaching expertise criterion (3rd).
UNASSIGNED: The ROI analysis results showed significant increases in the FFA for Greebles, and a clear neural \"adaptation,\" both only in the Gauthier97 group and only after training, reflecting clear modulation of extensive experiences following an \"appropriate\" training regime. In both groups, no clear NIEs for faces nor Greebles were found, which was also in line with the review of extant studies bearing this comparison.
UNASSIGNED: Collectively, these results invalidate the assumptions behind Brants et al.\'s findings.
UNASSIGNED: To empirically evaluate these issues, the present study compared two documented training paradigms Gauthier and colleagues in 1997 and 1998, and compared their impact on the brain.
UNASSIGNED: Sixteen NCKU undergraduate and graduate students (nine girls) were recruited. Sixty Greeble exemplars were categorized by two genders, five families, and six individual levels. The participants were randomly divided into two groups (one for Greeble classification at all three levels and the other for gender- and individual-level training). Several fMRI tasks were administered at various time points, specifically, before training (1st), during training (2nd), and typically no <24 h after reaching expertise criterion (3rd).
UNASSIGNED: The ROI analysis results showed significant increases in the FFA for Greebles, and a clear neural \"adaptation,\" both only in the Gauthier97 group and only after training, reflecting clear modulation of extensive experiences following an \"appropriate\" training regime. In both groups, no clear NIEs for faces nor Greebles were found, which was also in line with the review of extant studies bearing this comparison.
UNASSIGNED: Collectively, these results invalidate the assumptions behind Brants et al.\'s findings.
摘要：
■2011年，Brants等人。训练八个人成为Greeble专家，并发现神经元倒置效应[NIE；即，直立的梭形面部面积(FFA)活动较高，而不是倒置的格里布斯]。这些效果也被发现用于面部，训练前和训练后。Brants等人声称复制了Gauthier及其同事在1999年进行的开创性的Greeble训练研究。将这些结果解释为参与者在整个训练中将Greebles视为面孔，与最初的论点相反，受试者只有在训练后才能成为贪婪的专家。然而,Brants等人。\的索赔提出了两个问题。首先,他们的行为训练结果没有复制1997年和1998年Gauthier和Tarr的结果，这引起了人们对是否采用了正确的训练制度的担忧。第二,对FFA中NIE的文献综述和荟萃分析均表明其阳痿是面部(样)加工的指标.
■为了实证评估这些问题，本研究比较了1997年和1998年两种记录在案的训练范式Gauthier及其同事,并比较了它们对大脑的影响.
■招募了16名NCKU本科生和研究生（9名女生）。60名格林布尔样本按两种性别分类，五个家庭,六个层次。参与者被随机分为两组（一组用于所有三个级别的Greeble分类，另一组用于性别和个人级别的培训）。在不同的时间点执行了几项功能磁共振成像任务，具体来说,培训前（1），在培训期间（第二），并且通常在达到专业知识标准(第三)后没有<24小时。
■ROI分析结果显示Greebles的FFA显着增加，和清晰的神经适应，\"既只在Gauthier97组中，也只在训练后，反映了在“适当的”培训制度之后对丰富经验的明确调整。在这两组中,没有明确的NIE面孔，也没有发现Greebles，这也符合对现有研究进行这种比较的回顾。
■集体，这些结果使Brants等人背后的假设无效。\的发现。
■为了实证评估这些问题，本研究比较了1997年和1998年两种记录在案的训练范式Gauthier及其同事,并比较了它们对大脑的影响.
■招募了16名NCKU本科生和研究生（9名女生）。60名格林布尔样本按两种性别分类，五个家庭,六个层次。参与者被随机分为两组（一组用于所有三个级别的Greeble分类，另一组用于性别和个人级别的培训）。在不同的时间点执行了几项功能磁共振成像任务，具体来说,培训前（1），在培训期间（第二），并且通常在达到专业知识标准(第三)后没有<24小时。
■ROI分析结果显示Greebles的FFA显着增加，和清晰的神经适应，\"既只在Gauthier97组中，也只在训练后，反映了在“适当的”培训制度之后对丰富经验的明确调整。在这两组中,没有明确的NIE面孔，也没有发现Greebles，这也符合对现有研究进行这种比较的回顾。
■集体，这些结果使Brants等人背后的假设无效。\的发现。
