Abstract：
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a gastrointestinal disease, is a global phenomenon correlated with industrialization. We propose that an evolutionary medicine approach is useful to understand this disease from an ultimate perspective and conducted a scoping literature review to synthesize the IBS literature within this framework. Our review suggests five potential evolutionary hypotheses for the cause of IBS, including (a) a dietary mismatch accompanying a nutritional transition, (b) an early hygienic life environment leading to the immune system and microbiotic changes, (c) an outcome of decreased physical activity, (d) a response to changes in environmental light-dark cycles, and (e) an artifact of an evolved fight or flight response. We find key limitations in the available data needed to understand early life, nutritional, and socioeconomic experiences that would allow us to understand evolutionarily relevant risk factors and identify a need for further empirical research to distinguish potential causes and test evolutionary hypotheses.
摘要：
肠易激综合征(IBS),一种胃肠道疾病,是与工业化相关的全球现象。我们建议进化医学方法有助于从最终角度理解这种疾病，并进行了范围研究文献综述，以在此框架内综合IBS文献。我们的评论提出了五个潜在的进化假说，包括(A)伴随营养过渡的饮食不匹配，（b）导致免疫系统和微生物变化的早期卫生生活环境，(c)体力活动减少的结果，(d)对环境明暗周期变化的反应，和(e)进化的战斗或逃跑反应的产物。我们发现了解早期生命所需的可用数据存在关键限制，营养,和社会经济经验，这将使我们能够了解与进化相关的风险因素，并确定需要进一步的实证研究来区分潜在原因并检验进化假设。
