Abstract：
Marine organisms possess a diverse array of unique substances, many with wide ranging potential for applications in medicine, industry, and other sectors. Stonefish (Synanceia spp.), a bottom-dwelling fish that inhabit shallow and intertidal waters throughout the Indo-Pacific, harbour two distinct substances, a venom, and an ichthyocrinotoxin. Stonefish are well-known for the potent venom associated with their dorsal spines as it poses a significant risk to public health. Consequently, much of the research on stonefish focusses on the venom, with the aim of improving outcomes in cases of envenomation. However, there has been a notable lack of research on stonefish ichthyocrinotoxins, a class of toxin that is synthesised within specialised epithelial cells (i.e., tubercles) and exuded onto the skin. This has resulted in a substantial knowledge gap in our understanding of these animals. This review aims to bridge this gap by consolidating literature on the ecological functions and biochemical attributes of ichthyocrinotoxins present in various fish species and juxtaposing it with the current state of knowledge of stonefish ecology. We highlight the roles of ichthyocrinotoxins in predator defence, bolstering innate immunity, and mitigating integumentary interactions with parasites and detrimental fouling organisms. The objective of this review is to identify promising research avenues that could shed light on the ecological functions of stonefish ichthyocrinotoxins and their potential practical applications as therapeutics and/or industrial products.
摘要：
海洋生物拥有各种各样的独特物质，许多具有广泛的医学应用潜力，工业,和其他部门。石鱼（Synanceiaspp。),一种居住在印度太平洋浅海和潮间带水域的底层鱼类，藏有两种不同的物质，一个毒液,还有一种鱼囊毒素.石鱼以其背刺相关的强效毒液而闻名，因为它对公众健康构成重大风险。因此,大部分关于石鱼的研究都集中在毒液上，目的是改善毒害病例的结果。然而,对石鱼鱼胆毒素的研究明显缺乏，一类在特化上皮细胞内合成的毒素(即，结节）并渗出到皮肤上。这导致我们对这些动物的理解存在巨大的知识差距。这篇评论旨在通过巩固有关各种鱼类中存在的鱼类毒素的生态功能和生化属性的文献，并将其与当前的石鱼生态学知识并列来弥合这一差距。我们强调了鱼类毒素在捕食者防御中的作用，增强先天免疫，并减轻与寄生虫和有害污染生物的外皮相互作用。这篇综述的目的是确定有前途的研究途径，这些途径可以阐明石鱼鱼鳞素毒素的生态功能及其作为治疗剂和/或工业产品的潜在实际应用。
