Abstract：
Salmonella, a Gram-negative bacterium that infects humans and animals, causes diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to severe systemic infections. Here, we discuss various strategies used by Salmonella against host cell defenses. Epithelial cell invasion largely depends on a Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-1-encoded type 3 secretion system, a molecular syringe for injecting effector proteins directly into host cells. The internalization of Salmonella into macrophages is primarily driven by phagocytosis. After entering the host cell cytoplasm, Salmonella releases many effectors to achieve intracellular survival and replication using several secretion systems, primarily an SPI-2-encoded type 3 secretion system. Salmonella-containing vacuoles protect Salmonella from contacting bactericidal substances in epithelial cells and macrophages. Salmonella modulates the immunity, metabolism, cell cycle, and viability of host cells to expand its survival in the host, and the intracellular environment of Salmonella-infected cells promotes its virulence. This review provides insights into how Salmonella subverts host cell defenses for survival.
摘要：
沙门氏菌,一种感染人类和动物的革兰氏阴性细菌，引起从胃肠炎到严重的全身感染的疾病。这里,我们讨论了沙门氏菌针对宿主细胞防御的各种策略。上皮细胞的侵袭很大程度上取决于沙门氏菌致病性岛（SPI）-1编码的3型分泌系统，用于将效应蛋白直接注射到宿主细胞中的分子注射器。沙门氏菌进入巨噬细胞的内化主要是由吞噬作用驱动的。进入宿主细胞细胞质后，沙门氏菌释放许多效应物，使用几种分泌系统实现细胞内存活和复制，主要是SPI-2编码的3型分泌系统。含沙门氏菌的液泡保护沙门氏菌不接触上皮细胞和巨噬细胞中的杀菌物质。沙门氏菌调节免疫力,新陈代谢，细胞周期,和宿主细胞的生存能力，以扩大其在宿主中的存活，沙门氏菌感染细胞的细胞内环境促进其毒力。这篇综述提供了有关沙门氏菌如何颠覆宿主细胞生存防御的见解。
