PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Understanding the normal anatomy of velopharyngeal (VP) mechanism and the emergence of sexual dimorphism provides valuable insights into differences of VP anatomy among males and females. The purpose of this study is to examine sex differences in VP anatomy in a large data set of 3,248 9- and 10-year-old children.
UNASSIGNED: Static three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare five VP characteristics including velar length, velar thickness, effective velar length, levator veli palatini muscle length, and pharyngeal depth between age-matched males (n = 1,670) and females (n = 1,578). Additionally, these dimensions were used to determine the VP ratio and effective VP ratio.
UNASSIGNED: Males showed significantly larger dimensions for all VP distances and significantly lower ratios of velar length and effective velar length to pharyngeal depth (p < .05). The magnitude of these effect sizes was small to medium, with Cohen\'s d values ranging from 0.12 to 0.63. Additionally, the VP ratio and effective VP ratio are lower among males compared to females (p < .05).
UNASSIGNED: Results suggest the presence of sexual dimorphism in the VP mechanism among 9- and 10-year-old children. These findings emphasize the necessity of using different normative data for males and females when making comparisons to patients with cleft palate.
UNASSIGNED: Static three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare five VP characteristics including velar length, velar thickness, effective velar length, levator veli palatini muscle length, and pharyngeal depth between age-matched males (n = 1,670) and females (n = 1,578). Additionally, these dimensions were used to determine the VP ratio and effective VP ratio.
UNASSIGNED: Males showed significantly larger dimensions for all VP distances and significantly lower ratios of velar length and effective velar length to pharyngeal depth (p < .05). The magnitude of these effect sizes was small to medium, with Cohen\'s d values ranging from 0.12 to 0.63. Additionally, the VP ratio and effective VP ratio are lower among males compared to females (p < .05).
UNASSIGNED: Results suggest the presence of sexual dimorphism in the VP mechanism among 9- and 10-year-old children. These findings emphasize the necessity of using different normative data for males and females when making comparisons to patients with cleft palate.
摘要：
目的：了解咽喉（VP）机制的正常解剖和性二态性的出现，为了解男性和女性VP解剖的差异提供了有价值的见解。这项研究的目的是在3,248名9岁和10岁儿童的大数据集中检查VP解剖结构的性别差异。
方法：静态三维磁共振成像用于比较五种VP特征，包括Velar长度，velar厚度，有效绒毛长度，提肌velipalatini肌肉长度，年龄匹配的男性（n=1,670）和女性（n=1,578）之间的咽部深度。此外,这些尺寸用于确定VP比率和有效VP比率。
结果：男性显示所有VP距离的尺寸均显着较大，并且囊长度和有效囊长度与咽部深度的比率显着降低（p<0.05）。这些效应大小的大小是小到中等，科恩的d值范围从0.12到0.63。此外,男性的VP比率和有效VP比率低于女性(p<0.05)。
结论：结果表明，在9岁和10岁儿童中，VP机制存在性二态性。这些发现强调了在与left裂患者进行比较时，对男性和女性使用不同的规范数据的必要性。
方法：静态三维磁共振成像用于比较五种VP特征，包括Velar长度，velar厚度，有效绒毛长度，提肌velipalatini肌肉长度，年龄匹配的男性（n=1,670）和女性（n=1,578）之间的咽部深度。此外,这些尺寸用于确定VP比率和有效VP比率。
结果：男性显示所有VP距离的尺寸均显着较大，并且囊长度和有效囊长度与咽部深度的比率显着降低（p<0.05）。这些效应大小的大小是小到中等，科恩的d值范围从0.12到0.63。此外,男性的VP比率和有效VP比率低于女性(p<0.05)。
结论：结果表明，在9岁和10岁儿童中，VP机制存在性二态性。这些发现强调了在与left裂患者进行比较时，对男性和女性使用不同的规范数据的必要性。
