Abstract：
The priority of state policy of the Russian Federation is to make conditions for sustainable social economic development of national regions, including the territories of the Arctic Zone. The successful solution of these tasks is possible only if there is sufficient amount of labor resources and at achieving positive dynamics of main demographic processes. The purpose of the study is to establish characteristics of both dynamics of main demographic processes and reproductive health of Northerners as exemplified by the Republic of Komi.
METHODS: The retrospective ecological epidemiological study was carried out using reports of the Federal statistical observation. To evaluate demographic processes the values of main demographic parameters were calculated. To analyze dynamics of demographic processes time series of demographic coefficients were constructed and values of growth rate indicators were calculated.
RESULTS: The number of male and female population of the Komi Republic in 1990-2023 decreased by 46.5% and 37.1%. The specific weight of people older than able-bodied age increased in males from 4.9% to 14.7% and in females from 15.7% to 31.6%. The number of females of fertile age (16-49 years) in the Komi Republic decreased by 152.602 people (-47.5%) and their general fertility rate decreased by 33.3%. The birth rate in the group of young women aged 15-19 years decreased in 1990-2021 by 80.1%; and of women aged 20-24 years decreased by 60.4%. The frequency of abortions tends to decrease, but significantly exceeds the national average values.
CONCLUSIONS: The replacement-level fertility is not achieved in the Komi Republic. Taking into account the peculiarities of demographic, social economic processes, it is necessary to develop and to implement regional program of reproductive health improvement.
METHODS: The retrospective ecological epidemiological study was carried out using reports of the Federal statistical observation. To evaluate demographic processes the values of main demographic parameters were calculated. To analyze dynamics of demographic processes time series of demographic coefficients were constructed and values of growth rate indicators were calculated.
RESULTS: The number of male and female population of the Komi Republic in 1990-2023 decreased by 46.5% and 37.1%. The specific weight of people older than able-bodied age increased in males from 4.9% to 14.7% and in females from 15.7% to 31.6%. The number of females of fertile age (16-49 years) in the Komi Republic decreased by 152.602 people (-47.5%) and their general fertility rate decreased by 33.3%. The birth rate in the group of young women aged 15-19 years decreased in 1990-2021 by 80.1%; and of women aged 20-24 years decreased by 60.4%. The frequency of abortions tends to decrease, but significantly exceeds the national average values.
CONCLUSIONS: The replacement-level fertility is not achieved in the Komi Republic. Taking into account the peculiarities of demographic, social economic processes, it is necessary to develop and to implement regional program of reproductive health improvement.
摘要：
俄罗斯联邦国家政策的优先事项是为民族地区的可持续社会经济发展创造条件，包括北极地区的领土。只有在有足够的劳动力资源并实现主要人口过程的积极动态的情况下，才能成功解决这些任务。这项研究的目的是建立以科米共和国为例的北方人的主要人口过程和生殖健康的动态特征。
方法：使用联邦统计观察报告进行了回顾性生态流行病学研究。为了评估人口统计学过程，计算了主要人口统计学参数的值。为了分析人口过程的动态，构建了人口系数的时间序列，并计算了增长率指标的值。
结果：1990-2023年科米共和国的男女人口数量分别下降了46.5％和37.1％。男性比健康年龄大的人的比重从4.9％增加到14.7％，女性从15.7％增加到31.6％。科米共和国育龄（16-49岁）的女性人数减少了152.602人（-47.5％），一般生育率下降了33.3％。1990-2021年，15-19岁的年轻女性的出生率下降了80.1％；20-24岁的女性的出生率下降了60.4％。堕胎的频率有下降的趋势,但大大超过全国平均水平。
结论：科米共和国未实现替代水平的生育率。考虑到人口的特殊性，社会经济过程，有必要制定和实施区域生殖健康改善计划。
方法：使用联邦统计观察报告进行了回顾性生态流行病学研究。为了评估人口统计学过程，计算了主要人口统计学参数的值。为了分析人口过程的动态，构建了人口系数的时间序列，并计算了增长率指标的值。
结果：1990-2023年科米共和国的男女人口数量分别下降了46.5％和37.1％。男性比健康年龄大的人的比重从4.9％增加到14.7％，女性从15.7％增加到31.6％。科米共和国育龄（16-49岁）的女性人数减少了152.602人（-47.5％），一般生育率下降了33.3％。1990-2021年，15-19岁的年轻女性的出生率下降了80.1％；20-24岁的女性的出生率下降了60.4％。堕胎的频率有下降的趋势,但大大超过全国平均水平。
结论：科米共和国未实现替代水平的生育率。考虑到人口的特殊性，社会经济过程，有必要制定和实施区域生殖健康改善计划。
