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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and the relationship between age, sex, and types of TMJ change using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).
METHODS: CBCT records of 200 patients (123 women and 67 men) were retrieved and assessed. Right and left TMJs were evaluated separately, resulting in a total of 400 TMJs. The images were analyzed using On demand 3D Application The radiographic findings were classified as erosion, proliferative changes mainly, including flattening and osteophytes of the condyle, sclerosis, Ely cyst, hypoplasia and hyperplasia of the condyles, ankylosis, and joint cavity. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, paired T-tests, and repeated measure ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) in SPSS Software.
RESULTS: The most prevalent types of condylar bony changes observed was osteophyte (63.5%) followed by flattening of the articular surface (42%), erosion (40%), ankylosis (10%) and sclerosis (10%). 7.5% of joints showed hyperplastic condyles but only 2% showed hypoplasia. The least prevalent change observed was Ely Cyst (1%). Osteophyte was the most prevalent change observed in all age groups and both sexes except for men aged 31 ~ 50, where flattening was more frequent. A statistically significant difference was found between sex and prevalence of erosion in the age group of 10 ~ 30 (P = 0.001); as well as between sex and condylar hyperplasia in the same age group.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings of this research, the prevalence of bony changes of TMJ from highest to lowest is as follows: osteophyte, flattening of the articular surface, erosion, ankylosis, sclerosis, hyperplastic condyles, hypoplastic condyles and Ely Cyst. CBCT is an accurate 3 dimensional imaging modality for assessment of TMJ bony structures.
METHODS: CBCT records of 200 patients (123 women and 67 men) were retrieved and assessed. Right and left TMJs were evaluated separately, resulting in a total of 400 TMJs. The images were analyzed using On demand 3D Application The radiographic findings were classified as erosion, proliferative changes mainly, including flattening and osteophytes of the condyle, sclerosis, Ely cyst, hypoplasia and hyperplasia of the condyles, ankylosis, and joint cavity. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, paired T-tests, and repeated measure ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) in SPSS Software.
RESULTS: The most prevalent types of condylar bony changes observed was osteophyte (63.5%) followed by flattening of the articular surface (42%), erosion (40%), ankylosis (10%) and sclerosis (10%). 7.5% of joints showed hyperplastic condyles but only 2% showed hypoplasia. The least prevalent change observed was Ely Cyst (1%). Osteophyte was the most prevalent change observed in all age groups and both sexes except for men aged 31 ~ 50, where flattening was more frequent. A statistically significant difference was found between sex and prevalence of erosion in the age group of 10 ~ 30 (P = 0.001); as well as between sex and condylar hyperplasia in the same age group.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings of this research, the prevalence of bony changes of TMJ from highest to lowest is as follows: osteophyte, flattening of the articular surface, erosion, ankylosis, sclerosis, hyperplastic condyles, hypoplastic condyles and Ely Cyst. CBCT is an accurate 3 dimensional imaging modality for assessment of TMJ bony structures.
摘要：
目的：本研究的目的是评估颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）患者颞下颌关节（TMJ）的变化与年龄，性别,以及使用锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）的TMJ变化类型。
方法：检索并评估200例患者（123名女性和67名男性）的CBCT记录。右侧和左侧TMJ分别评估，总共有400台TMJ。使用按需3D应用对图像进行分析。射线照相结果被归类为侵蚀，主要是增殖变化，包括髁的扁平化和骨赘，硬化症,伊利囊肿,髁突发育不全和增生，强直,和关节腔。数据分析采用描述性统计，配对T检验，SPSS软件中的重复测量方差分析(方差分析)。
结果：观察到的最普遍的髁突骨改变类型是骨赘（63.5％），其次是关节面变平（42％）。侵蚀（40%），强直（10％）和硬化（10％）。7.5%的关节表现为髁突增生，但只有2%的关节表现为发育不全。观察到的最不普遍的变化是伊利囊肿(1%)。骨赘是在所有年龄组和男女中观察到的最普遍的变化，除了31〜50岁的男性，其中扁平化更为频繁。10~30岁年龄组的性别和糜烂患病率差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)；同年龄组的性别和髁突增生差异有统计学意义。
结论：根据本研究的结果，TMJ骨性变化的患病率从最高到最低如下：骨赘，关节表面变平，侵蚀,强直,硬化症,增生性髁突,髁突发育不良和伊利囊肿。CBCT是用于评估TMJ骨结构的准确的3维成像模式。
方法：检索并评估200例患者（123名女性和67名男性）的CBCT记录。右侧和左侧TMJ分别评估，总共有400台TMJ。使用按需3D应用对图像进行分析。射线照相结果被归类为侵蚀，主要是增殖变化，包括髁的扁平化和骨赘，硬化症,伊利囊肿,髁突发育不全和增生，强直,和关节腔。数据分析采用描述性统计，配对T检验，SPSS软件中的重复测量方差分析(方差分析)。
结果：观察到的最普遍的髁突骨改变类型是骨赘（63.5％），其次是关节面变平（42％）。侵蚀（40%），强直（10％）和硬化（10％）。7.5%的关节表现为髁突增生，但只有2%的关节表现为发育不全。观察到的最不普遍的变化是伊利囊肿(1%)。骨赘是在所有年龄组和男女中观察到的最普遍的变化，除了31〜50岁的男性，其中扁平化更为频繁。10~30岁年龄组的性别和糜烂患病率差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)；同年龄组的性别和髁突增生差异有统计学意义。
结论：根据本研究的结果，TMJ骨性变化的患病率从最高到最低如下：骨赘，关节表面变平，侵蚀,强直,硬化症,增生性髁突,髁突发育不良和伊利囊肿。CBCT是用于评估TMJ骨结构的准确的3维成像模式。
