PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Aging is a natural, gradual, and inevitable process associated with a series of changes at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels that can lead to an increased risk of many diseases, including cancer. The most significant changes at the genomic level (DNA damage, telomere shortening, epigenetic changes) and non-genomic changes are referred to as hallmarks of aging. The hallmarks of aging and cancer are intertwined. Many studies have focused on genomic hallmarks, but non-genomic hallmarks are also important and may additionally cause genomic damage and increase the expression of genomic hallmarks. Understanding the non-genomic hallmarks of aging and cancer, and how they are intertwined, may lead to the development of approaches that could influence these hallmarks and thus function not only to slow aging but also to prevent cancer. In this review, we focus on non-genomic changes. We discuss cell senescence, disruption of proteostasis, deregualation of nutrient sensing, dysregulation of immune system function, intercellular communication, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion and dysbiosis.
摘要：
衰老是一种自然,渐进的,以及与一系列分子变化相关的不可避免的过程，细胞，以及可能导致许多疾病风险增加的组织水平，包括癌症.基因组水平上最显著的变化（DNA损伤，端粒缩短，表观遗传变化)和非基因组变化被称为衰老的标志。衰老和癌症的标志交织在一起。许多研究集中在基因组标志上，但是非基因组标志也很重要，可能会导致基因组损伤并增加基因组标志的表达。了解衰老和癌症的非基因组标志，以及它们是如何交织在一起的，可能会导致可能影响这些标志的方法的发展，因此不仅可以减缓衰老，还可以预防癌症。在这次审查中,我们关注非基因组变化。我们讨论细胞衰老,蛋白质停滞的破坏，营养传感的调节，免疫系统功能失调，细胞间通讯,线粒体功能障碍，干细胞衰竭和菌群失调。
