Abstract：
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is an outbreak infectious disease that can easily spread among children under the age of five. The most common causative agents of HFMD are enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), but infection caused by EV71 is more associated with fatalities due to severe neurological disorders. The present diagnosis methods rely on physical examinations by the doctors and further confirmation by laboratories detection methods such as viral culture and polymerase chain reaction. Clinical signs of HFMD infection and other childhood diseases such as chicken pox, and allergies are similar, yet the genetics and pathogenicity of the viruses are substantially different. Thus, there is an urgent need for an early screening of HFMD using an inexpensive and user-friendly device that can directly detect the causative agents of the disease. This paper reviews current HFMD diagnostic methods based on various target types, such as nucleic acid, protein, and whole virus. This was followed by a thorough discussion on the emerging sensing technologies for HFMD detection, including surface plasmon resonance, electrochemical sensor, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Lastly, optical absorption spectroscopic method was critically discussed and proposed as a promising technology for HFMD screening and detection.
摘要：
手,脚,口蹄疫（HFMD）是一种爆发传染病，很容易在五岁以下的儿童中传播。手足口病最常见的病原体是肠道病毒71型(EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A16型(CVA16),但EV71引起的感染与严重神经系统疾病导致的死亡更相关。本诊断方法依赖于医生的身体检查和实验室检测方法如病毒培养和聚合酶链反应的进一步确认。手足口病感染和其他儿童疾病如水痘的临床症状，和过敏相似，然而，病毒的遗传学和致病性有很大不同。因此，迫切需要使用廉价且用户友好的设备对HFMD进行早期筛查，该设备可以直接检测该疾病的病原体。本文综述了目前基于各种目标类型的手足口病诊断方法，如核酸，蛋白质，和整个病毒。随后对手足口病检测的新兴传感技术进行了深入的讨论,包括表面等离子体共振，电化学传感器，和表面增强拉曼光谱。最后,对光学吸收光谱法进行了严格的讨论，并提出了将其作为HFMD筛查和检测的有前途的技术。
