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Abstract：
Aquatic life criteria (ALC) serve as the scientific foundation for establishing water quality standards, and in China, significant strides have been made in the development of freshwater ALC. This comprehensive review traces the evolution of China\'s WQC, focusing on the methodological advancements and challenges in priority pollutants selection, test organism screening, and standardized ecotoxicity testing protocols. It also provides a critical evaluation of quality assurance measures, data validation techniques, and minimum data requirements essential for ALC assessments. The paper highlights China\'s technical guidelines for deriving ALC, and reviews the published values for typical pollutants, assessing their impact on environmental quality standards. Emerging trends and future research avenues are discussed, including the incorporation of molecular toxicology data and the development of predictive models for pollutant toxicity. The review concludes by advocating for a tiered WQC system that accommodates China\'s diverse ecological regions, thereby offering a robust scientific basis for enhanced water quality management.
摘要：
水生生活标准（ALC）是建立水质标准的科学基础，在中国,淡水ALC的发展取得了重大进展。这篇全面的综述追溯了中国WQC的演变，重点关注优先污染物选择的方法学进步和挑战，测试生物筛选，和标准化的生态毒性测试方案。它还提供了对质量保证措施的关键评估，数据验证技术，以及ALC评估必不可少的最低数据要求。本文重点介绍了中国推导ALC的技术指南，并回顾了典型污染物的公布值，评估其对环境质量标准的影响。讨论了新兴趋势和未来的研究途径，包括纳入分子毒理学数据和开发污染物毒性预测模型。审查的结论是，倡导一个适应中国不同生态区域的分层WQC系统，从而为加强水质管理提供了坚实的科学依据。
