PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
More than 20 global marine extinctions and over 700 local extinctions have reportedly occurred during the past 500 years. However, available methods to determine how many of these species can be confidently declared true disappearances tend to be data-demanding, time-consuming, and not applicable to all taxonomic groups or scales of marine extinctions (global [G] and local [L]). We developed an integrated system to assess marine extinctions (ISAME) that can be applied to any taxonomic group at any geographic scale. We applied the ISAME method to 10 case studies to illustrate the possible ways in which the extinction status of marine species can be categorized as unverified, possibly extinct, or extinct. Of the 10 case studies we assessed, the ISAME method concludes that 6 should be categorized as unverified extinctions due to problems with species\' identity and lack of reliable evidence supporting their disappearance (periwinkle-Littoraria flammea [G], houting-Coregonus oxyrinchus [G], long-spined urchin-Diadema antillarum [L], smalltooth sawfish-Pristis pectinata [L], and largetooth sawfish-P. pristis [L]). In contrast, ISAME classified the Guadalupe storm-petrel (Oceanodroma macrodactyla [G]) and the lost shark (Carcharhinus obsolerus [G]) as possibly extinct because the available evidence indicates that their extinction is plausible-while the largetooth sawfish [L] and Steller\'s sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas [G]) were confirmed to be extinct. Determining whether a marine population or species is actually extinct or still extant is needed to guide conservation efforts and prevent further biodiversity losses.
摘要：
据报道，在过去的500年中，发生了20多次全球海洋灭绝和700多次局部灭绝。然而,确定这些物种中有多少可以自信地宣布为真正失踪的可用方法往往需要数据，耗时,并且不适用于海洋灭绝的所有分类组或尺度（全球[G]和本地[L]）。我们开发了一个集成系统来评估海洋灭绝（ISAME），该系统可应用于任何地理尺度的任何分类群。我们将ISAME方法应用于10个案例研究，以说明将海洋物种的灭绝状态归类为未经验证的可能方法，可能已经灭绝,或灭绝。在我们评估的10个案例中，ISAME方法得出的结论是，由于物种身份问题和缺乏支持其消失的可靠证据，6种应该被归类为未经证实的灭绝(长春花-鞭毛虫[G]，哈廷·科雷戈纳斯·奥克斯利克斯[G]，长刺海胆-Diademaantillarum[L]，小牙锯鱼——果皮里提斯[L]，和大蓝牙锯鱼P普里蒂斯[L])。相比之下,ISAME将瓜达卢佩风暴海燕（Oceanodromamacrodactyla[G]）和失落的鲨鱼（Carcharhinussomobrius[G]）归类为可能已灭绝，因为现有证据表明它们的灭绝是合理的，而大型蓝牙锯鱼[L]和Steller\的海牛（Hydodamalisgigas[G]）已被确认已灭绝需要确定海洋种群或物种是否实际上已经灭绝或仍然存在，以指导保护工作并防止进一步的生物多样性丧失。
