PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Family members resemble each other in their propensity for aggression. In twin studies, approximately 50% of the variance in aggression can be explained by genetic influences. However, if there are genotype-environment correlation mechanisms, such as environmental manifestations of parental and sibling genotypes, genetic influences may partly reflect environmental influences. In this study, we investigated the importance of indirect polygenic score (PGS) effects on aggression.
UNASSIGNED: We modeled the effect of PGSs based on 3 genome-wide association studies: early-life aggression, educational attainment, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The associations with aggression were tested in a within- and between-family design (37,796 measures from 7740 individuals, ages 3-86 years [mean = 14.20 years, SE = 12.03], from 3107 families, 55% female) and in a transmitted/nontransmitted PGS design (42,649 measures from 6653 individuals, ages 3-61 years [mean = 11.81 years, SE = 8.68], from 3024 families, 55% female). All participants are enrolled in the Netherlands Twin Register.
UNASSIGNED: We found no evidence for contributions of indirect PGS effects on aggression in either a within- and between-family design or a transmitted/nontransmitted PGS design. Results indicate significant direct effects on aggression for the PGSs based on early-life aggression, educational attainment, and ADHD, although explained variance was low (within- and between-family: early-life aggression R2 = 0.3%, early-life ADHD R2 = 0.6%, educational attainment R2 = 0.7%; transmitted/nontransmitted PGSs: early-life aggression R2 = 0.2%, early-life ADHD R2 = 0.9%, educational attainment R2 = 0.5%).
UNASSIGNED: PGSs included in the current study had a direct (but no indirect) effect on aggression, consistent with results of previous twin and family studies. Further research involving other PGSs for aggression and related phenotypes is needed to determine whether this conclusion generalizes to overall genetic influences on aggression.
UNASSIGNED: We modeled the effect of PGSs based on 3 genome-wide association studies: early-life aggression, educational attainment, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The associations with aggression were tested in a within- and between-family design (37,796 measures from 7740 individuals, ages 3-86 years [mean = 14.20 years, SE = 12.03], from 3107 families, 55% female) and in a transmitted/nontransmitted PGS design (42,649 measures from 6653 individuals, ages 3-61 years [mean = 11.81 years, SE = 8.68], from 3024 families, 55% female). All participants are enrolled in the Netherlands Twin Register.
UNASSIGNED: We found no evidence for contributions of indirect PGS effects on aggression in either a within- and between-family design or a transmitted/nontransmitted PGS design. Results indicate significant direct effects on aggression for the PGSs based on early-life aggression, educational attainment, and ADHD, although explained variance was low (within- and between-family: early-life aggression R2 = 0.3%, early-life ADHD R2 = 0.6%, educational attainment R2 = 0.7%; transmitted/nontransmitted PGSs: early-life aggression R2 = 0.2%, early-life ADHD R2 = 0.9%, educational attainment R2 = 0.5%).
UNASSIGNED: PGSs included in the current study had a direct (but no indirect) effect on aggression, consistent with results of previous twin and family studies. Further research involving other PGSs for aggression and related phenotypes is needed to determine whether this conclusion generalizes to overall genetic influences on aggression.
摘要：
■家庭成员在侵略倾向上彼此相似。在双胞胎研究中，大约50%的攻击性变异可以用遗传影响来解释。然而,如果有基因型-环境相关机制，例如父母和兄弟姐妹基因型的环境表现，遗传影响可能部分反映了环境影响。在这项研究中,我们调查了间接多基因评分(PGS)对攻击性影响的重要性.
■我们基于3个全基因组关联研究对PGS的影响进行了建模：早期生命攻击，教育程度,注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）。在家庭内部和家庭之间的设计中测试了与侵略的关联（来自7740个人的37,796项措施，年龄3-86岁[平均值=14.20岁，SE=12.03]，来自3107个家庭，55%女性)和传播/非传播PGS设计(来自6653个人的42,649项措施，年龄3-61岁[平均值=11.81岁，SE=8.68],来自3024个家庭，55%女性）。所有参与者都参加了荷兰双胞胎登记册。
■我们没有发现任何证据表明在家庭内部和家庭之间设计或传输/非传输PGS设计中，PGS的间接影响对侵略的贡献。结果表明，基于早期攻击的PGS对攻击性有显著的直接影响，教育程度,和多动症,尽管解释方差很低(在家庭内部和家庭之间：早年攻击性R2=0.3%，早年ADHDR2=0.6%，教育程度R2=0.7%；传播/非传播PGS：早期攻击性R2=0.2%，早期ADHDR2=0.9%，教育程度R2=0.5%)。
■当前研究中包含的PGS对攻击性有直接（但没有间接）影响，与以前的双胞胎和家庭研究结果一致。需要进一步研究涉及其他PGS的攻击性和相关表型，以确定该结论是否适用于对攻击性的整体遗传影响。
■我们基于3个全基因组关联研究对PGS的影响进行了建模：早期生命攻击，教育程度,注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）。在家庭内部和家庭之间的设计中测试了与侵略的关联（来自7740个人的37,796项措施，年龄3-86岁[平均值=14.20岁，SE=12.03]，来自3107个家庭，55%女性)和传播/非传播PGS设计(来自6653个人的42,649项措施，年龄3-61岁[平均值=11.81岁，SE=8.68],来自3024个家庭，55%女性）。所有参与者都参加了荷兰双胞胎登记册。
■我们没有发现任何证据表明在家庭内部和家庭之间设计或传输/非传输PGS设计中，PGS的间接影响对侵略的贡献。结果表明，基于早期攻击的PGS对攻击性有显著的直接影响，教育程度,和多动症,尽管解释方差很低(在家庭内部和家庭之间：早年攻击性R2=0.3%，早年ADHDR2=0.6%，教育程度R2=0.7%；传播/非传播PGS：早期攻击性R2=0.2%，早期ADHDR2=0.9%，教育程度R2=0.5%)。
■当前研究中包含的PGS对攻击性有直接（但没有间接）影响，与以前的双胞胎和家庭研究结果一致。需要进一步研究涉及其他PGS的攻击性和相关表型，以确定该结论是否适用于对攻击性的整体遗传影响。
