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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Physical activity guidelines for children encourage moderate-to-vigorous intensity activities (MVPA); however, some studies have found that only vigorous intensity activities (VPA) might promote health benefits in young children. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate cross-sectional and 5-year longitudinal associations of VPA and MVPA with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in childhood using compositional data analysis.
RESULTS: This study utilized data from the SPINACH study (n = 411). Physical activity was measured with accelerometers at 4- and 9-years of age. CVD risk factors were measured at 9-years of age, and included blood pressure (BP), lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism biomarkers, as well as a continuous metabolic syndrome risk score (MetS). Cross-sectional and longitudinal linear regression models were built using compositional data analysis standards. Cross-sectionally, reallocating time to VPA from lower-intensity behaviours at 9-years was associated with lower waist circumference (B = - 3.219, P = 0.002), diastolic BP (B = - 1.836, P = 0.036), triglycerides (B = - 0.214, P < 0.001), glucose (B = - 0.189, P = 0.033), insulin (B = - 2.997, P < 0.001), and HOMA-IR (B = - 0.778, P < 0.001). Similarly, reallocating time to VPA at 4-years was associated with lower MetS (B = - 0.831, P = 0.049), waist circumference (B = - 4.211, P = 0.015), systolic BP (B = - 5.572, P = 0.015), diastolic BP (B = - 2.931, P = 0.044), triglycerides (B = - 0.229, P = 0.034), glucose (B = - 0.325, P = 0.032), insulin (B = - 5.114, P = 0.001), and HOMA-IR (B = - 0.673, P = 0.001) at 9-years. Reallocations of time to MVPA at 4- or 9-years were not associated with CVD risk factors at 9-years.
CONCLUSIONS: VPA was associated with CVD risk factors in children both cross-sectionally (9-years) and longitudinally (at 4- and 9-years). MVPA seemed not to be a stimulus of enough intensity to trigger these potential cardiometabolic benefits in healthy children. Thus, these findings suggest the importance of higher intensity activities, i.e., VPA already in early childhood for cardiometabolic health.
RESULTS: This study utilized data from the SPINACH study (n = 411). Physical activity was measured with accelerometers at 4- and 9-years of age. CVD risk factors were measured at 9-years of age, and included blood pressure (BP), lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism biomarkers, as well as a continuous metabolic syndrome risk score (MetS). Cross-sectional and longitudinal linear regression models were built using compositional data analysis standards. Cross-sectionally, reallocating time to VPA from lower-intensity behaviours at 9-years was associated with lower waist circumference (B = - 3.219, P = 0.002), diastolic BP (B = - 1.836, P = 0.036), triglycerides (B = - 0.214, P < 0.001), glucose (B = - 0.189, P = 0.033), insulin (B = - 2.997, P < 0.001), and HOMA-IR (B = - 0.778, P < 0.001). Similarly, reallocating time to VPA at 4-years was associated with lower MetS (B = - 0.831, P = 0.049), waist circumference (B = - 4.211, P = 0.015), systolic BP (B = - 5.572, P = 0.015), diastolic BP (B = - 2.931, P = 0.044), triglycerides (B = - 0.229, P = 0.034), glucose (B = - 0.325, P = 0.032), insulin (B = - 5.114, P = 0.001), and HOMA-IR (B = - 0.673, P = 0.001) at 9-years. Reallocations of time to MVPA at 4- or 9-years were not associated with CVD risk factors at 9-years.
CONCLUSIONS: VPA was associated with CVD risk factors in children both cross-sectionally (9-years) and longitudinally (at 4- and 9-years). MVPA seemed not to be a stimulus of enough intensity to trigger these potential cardiometabolic benefits in healthy children. Thus, these findings suggest the importance of higher intensity activities, i.e., VPA already in early childhood for cardiometabolic health.
摘要：
背景：儿童体力活动指南鼓励中等至剧烈强度活动（MVPA）；然而，一些研究发现,只有剧烈运动(VPA)才能促进幼儿的健康益处.因此，本研究的目的是使用成分数据分析,调查VPA和MVPA与儿童心血管疾病(CVD)危险因素的横断面和5年纵向关联.
结果：本研究利用SPINACH研究的数据（n=411）。在4岁和9岁时使用加速度计测量身体活动。在9岁时测量CVD危险因素，包括血压（BP），脂质代谢，和葡萄糖代谢生物标志物，以及连续代谢综合征风险评分(MetS)。使用成分数据分析标准建立横截面和纵向线性回归模型。跨领域,在9年时，从较低强度的行为重新分配VPA的时间与较低的腰围相关（B=-3.219，P=0.002），舒张压血压（B=-1.836，P=0.036），甘油三酯（B=-0.214，P<0.001），葡萄糖（B=-0.189，P=0.033），胰岛素（B=-2.997，P<0.001），HOMA-IR(B=-0.778,P<0.001)。同样，在4年时重新分配给VPA的时间与较低的MetS相关(B=-0.831，P=0.049)，腰围（B=-4.211，P=0.015），收缩压（B=-5.572，P=0.015），舒张压血压（B=-2.931，P=0.044），甘油三酯（B=-0.229，P=0.034），葡萄糖（B=-0.325，P=0.032），胰岛素（B=-5.114，P=0.001），和HOMA-IR（B=-0.673，P=0.001）在9年。在4年或9年时重新分配给MVPA的时间与9年时的CVD危险因素无关。
结论：VPA与儿童心血管疾病危险因素在横断面（9岁）和纵向（4岁和9岁）均相关。MVPA似乎不是足够强度的刺激，以触发健康儿童的这些潜在的心脏代谢益处。因此，这些发现表明了更高强度活动的重要性，即，VPA已经在儿童早期用于心脏代谢健康。
结果：本研究利用SPINACH研究的数据（n=411）。在4岁和9岁时使用加速度计测量身体活动。在9岁时测量CVD危险因素，包括血压（BP），脂质代谢，和葡萄糖代谢生物标志物，以及连续代谢综合征风险评分(MetS)。使用成分数据分析标准建立横截面和纵向线性回归模型。跨领域,在9年时，从较低强度的行为重新分配VPA的时间与较低的腰围相关（B=-3.219，P=0.002），舒张压血压（B=-1.836，P=0.036），甘油三酯（B=-0.214，P<0.001），葡萄糖（B=-0.189，P=0.033），胰岛素（B=-2.997，P<0.001），HOMA-IR(B=-0.778,P<0.001)。同样，在4年时重新分配给VPA的时间与较低的MetS相关(B=-0.831，P=0.049)，腰围（B=-4.211，P=0.015），收缩压（B=-5.572，P=0.015），舒张压血压（B=-2.931，P=0.044），甘油三酯（B=-0.229，P=0.034），葡萄糖（B=-0.325，P=0.032），胰岛素（B=-5.114，P=0.001），和HOMA-IR（B=-0.673，P=0.001）在9年。在4年或9年时重新分配给MVPA的时间与9年时的CVD危险因素无关。
结论：VPA与儿童心血管疾病危险因素在横断面（9岁）和纵向（4岁和9岁）均相关。MVPA似乎不是足够强度的刺激，以触发健康儿童的这些潜在的心脏代谢益处。因此，这些发现表明了更高强度活动的重要性，即，VPA已经在儿童早期用于心脏代谢健康。
