Abstract：
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies. Research on the pathogenic mechanisms involved in systemic autoimmune diseases has largely focused on the involvement of the adaptive immune system with dysregulated responses of T and B cells. However, in recent years, there is increasing evidence of the significant role played by the innate immune system, particularly neutrophils, in these diseases, particularly in RA. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular structures composed of remodeled and concentrated chromatin with DNA, histones, and neutrophil proteins, and were first described in 2004. It has been studied that NETs may play a pathogenic role in RA and could be a source of autoantigens, increasing the immune response in the form of autoantibodies in this disease. The possible role of NETs and other markers of neutrophil activation as biomarkers of activity in RA and other immune-mediated diseases has also been studied. This article reviews the role of NETs in RA. It discusses the role of neutrophils and the latest advances in NETs, especially their involvement in autoimmune phenomena in RA. Finally, a literature review is conducted on the determination of NETs in peripheral blood and their relationship as a biomarker of RA activity, as well as their potential role in disease monitoring.
摘要：
类风湿性关节炎(RA)是以自身抗体存在为特征的全身性自身免疫性疾病。关于系统性自身免疫性疾病的致病机制的研究主要集中在适应性免疫系统与T和B细胞失调反应的参与上。然而,近年来,越来越多的证据表明先天免疫系统发挥了重要作用，特别是中性粒细胞，在这些疾病中，尤其是RA。中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NETs）是由DNA重塑和浓缩的染色质组成的细胞外结构，组蛋白,和中性粒细胞蛋白，并于2004年首次描述。已经研究表明，NETs可能在RA中起致病作用，并且可能是自身抗原的来源，在这种疾病中以自身抗体的形式增加免疫反应。还研究了NETs和嗜中性粒细胞活化的其他标志物作为RA和其他免疫介导的疾病中活性的生物标志物的可能作用。本文综述了NETs在RA中的作用。它讨论了中性粒细胞的作用和NETs的最新进展，尤其是它们参与RA的自身免疫现象。最后,对外周血中NETs的测定及其作为RA活性生物标志物的关系进行了文献综述，以及它们在疾病监测中的潜在作用。
