Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Acupuncture is often used as an adjunctive therapy for gastric ulcer (GU). However, there is still a lack of evidence on the appropriate and optimal interventions for acupuncture. This study aimed to optimize the acupuncture treatment of gastric ulcers based on expert consensus for guiding acupuncturists in clinical practice.
METHODS: To conduct this study, research evidence was gathered from databases in both Chinese and English. After discussion, preliminary clinical questions were developed. Following three rounds of multidisciplinary clinical expert consultation, the initial consensus questionnaire was formed after testing and modification by team members. A Delphi consensus was ultimately reached to answer the questionnaire and develop guidance for acupuncture treatment. A 9-point Likert-type scale was used to measure the agreement of expert consensus, where a score of 80% between 7 and 9 was defined as \"agreement.\"
RESULTS: After two rounds of Delphi voting, a total of 35 items reached an agreement. These items can be roughly divided into 6 domains. According to expert consensus, the application of acupuncture for gastric ulcer should follow a semistandardized approach. Based on the syndrome differentiation, the main acupoints recommended are Zusanli (ST36), Zhongwan (CV12), Neiguan (PC6), and Sanyinjiao (SP6), while the adjunct acupoints include Taichong (LR3), Guanyuan (CV4), Xuehai (SP10), and Taixi (KI3). In the experience of experts, adverse events associated with acupuncture are typically mild and often manifest as subcutaneous hematomas.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of definitive acupuncture guidelines that can effectively determine the optimal therapeutic approach for the treatment of gastric ulcer. This expert consensus provides recommendations for clinical research and practice of acupuncture, with a particular focus on the selection of acupoints. However, further exploration through rigorous studies is necessary due to the limited availability of clinical evidence.
METHODS: To conduct this study, research evidence was gathered from databases in both Chinese and English. After discussion, preliminary clinical questions were developed. Following three rounds of multidisciplinary clinical expert consultation, the initial consensus questionnaire was formed after testing and modification by team members. A Delphi consensus was ultimately reached to answer the questionnaire and develop guidance for acupuncture treatment. A 9-point Likert-type scale was used to measure the agreement of expert consensus, where a score of 80% between 7 and 9 was defined as \"agreement.\"
RESULTS: After two rounds of Delphi voting, a total of 35 items reached an agreement. These items can be roughly divided into 6 domains. According to expert consensus, the application of acupuncture for gastric ulcer should follow a semistandardized approach. Based on the syndrome differentiation, the main acupoints recommended are Zusanli (ST36), Zhongwan (CV12), Neiguan (PC6), and Sanyinjiao (SP6), while the adjunct acupoints include Taichong (LR3), Guanyuan (CV4), Xuehai (SP10), and Taixi (KI3). In the experience of experts, adverse events associated with acupuncture are typically mild and often manifest as subcutaneous hematomas.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of definitive acupuncture guidelines that can effectively determine the optimal therapeutic approach for the treatment of gastric ulcer. This expert consensus provides recommendations for clinical research and practice of acupuncture, with a particular focus on the selection of acupoints. However, further exploration through rigorous studies is necessary due to the limited availability of clinical evidence.
摘要：
背景：针灸通常用作胃溃疡（GU）的辅助治疗。然而,目前仍然缺乏适当和最佳的针灸干预措施的证据.本研究旨在以专家共识为基础,优化针灸治疗胃溃疡的方法,指导针灸师的临床实践。
方法：为了进行这项研究，研究证据来自中英文数据库。经过讨论,初步的临床问题。经过三轮多学科临床专家咨询,最初的共识问卷是在团队成员测试和修改后形成的。最终达成德尔菲共识，以回答问卷并制定针灸治疗指南。使用9点李克特型量表来衡量专家共识的一致性，其中7到9分之间的80%被定义为“协议”。\"
结果：经过两轮德尔菲投票，共有35个项目达成协议。这些项目可以大致分为6个领域。根据专家共识,针灸治疗胃溃疡应遵循半标准化的方法。基于辨证,推荐的主要穴位是足三里（ST36），中湾(CV12),内关（PC6），和三阴交(SP6)，而辅助穴位包括太冲（LR3），关元（CV4），雪海(SP10),和泰西（KI3）。根据专家的经验,与针灸相关的不良事件通常轻微,常表现为皮下血肿.
结论：目前缺乏明确的针灸指南，可以有效确定治疗胃溃疡的最佳治疗方法。本专家共识为针灸临床研究和实践提供了建议,特别注重穴位的选择。然而,由于临床证据有限,有必要通过严格的研究进一步探索.
方法：为了进行这项研究，研究证据来自中英文数据库。经过讨论,初步的临床问题。经过三轮多学科临床专家咨询,最初的共识问卷是在团队成员测试和修改后形成的。最终达成德尔菲共识，以回答问卷并制定针灸治疗指南。使用9点李克特型量表来衡量专家共识的一致性，其中7到9分之间的80%被定义为“协议”。\"
结果：经过两轮德尔菲投票，共有35个项目达成协议。这些项目可以大致分为6个领域。根据专家共识,针灸治疗胃溃疡应遵循半标准化的方法。基于辨证,推荐的主要穴位是足三里（ST36），中湾(CV12),内关（PC6），和三阴交(SP6)，而辅助穴位包括太冲（LR3），关元（CV4），雪海(SP10),和泰西（KI3）。根据专家的经验,与针灸相关的不良事件通常轻微,常表现为皮下血肿.
结论：目前缺乏明确的针灸指南，可以有效确定治疗胃溃疡的最佳治疗方法。本专家共识为针灸临床研究和实践提供了建议,特别注重穴位的选择。然而,由于临床证据有限,有必要通过严格的研究进一步探索.
