Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported the effect of neonicotinoid (NEO) exposures on development in human. However, information about the risk of childhood development delays due to NEO exposures is limited.
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to examine the association between NEO exposure and child development up to 4 years of age using data of the Japan Environment and Children\'s Study.
METHODS: The study employed urinary NEO and metabolite concentrations in the first and second or third trimesters; the Japanese translation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (third edition; J-ASQ-3) scores on developmental delay in five domains, namely communication, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, problem solving, and personal-social characteristics from 6 months to 4 years of age; and self-reported questionnaire data. The associations between urinary NEO concentrations and J-ASQ-3 results were analysed using the treed distributed lag mixture model. A total of 8538 participants were included in statistical analyses.
RESULTS: The determination rates of urinary acetamiprid-N-desmethyl (dm-ACE), clothianidin (CLO), dinotefuran (DIN) and thiamethoxam (THX) were greater than 50%. Median urinary dm-ACE, CLO, DIN and THX concentrations were 0.34, 0.14, 0.22 and 0.05 ng/ml, respectively, in samples collected during gestational weeks < 23, and 0.28, 0.12, 0.18 and 0.04 ng/ml, respectively, in those collected during gestational weeks ≥ 23. The binomial scores divided by the cut-off values of the J-ASQ were used in the treed distributed lag mixture model. The highest percentage for a domain with a value less than the cut-off value was \'problem solving\' at 6 months of age among all the J-ASQ-3 scores (10.5%). There was no statistically significant association between maternal urinary dm-ACE, CLO, DIN and THX concentrations during pregnancy and the J-ASQ-3 results up to 4 years of age. Objective assessment of child development in different populations may be warranted to confirm our findings.
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to examine the association between NEO exposure and child development up to 4 years of age using data of the Japan Environment and Children\'s Study.
METHODS: The study employed urinary NEO and metabolite concentrations in the first and second or third trimesters; the Japanese translation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (third edition; J-ASQ-3) scores on developmental delay in five domains, namely communication, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, problem solving, and personal-social characteristics from 6 months to 4 years of age; and self-reported questionnaire data. The associations between urinary NEO concentrations and J-ASQ-3 results were analysed using the treed distributed lag mixture model. A total of 8538 participants were included in statistical analyses.
RESULTS: The determination rates of urinary acetamiprid-N-desmethyl (dm-ACE), clothianidin (CLO), dinotefuran (DIN) and thiamethoxam (THX) were greater than 50%. Median urinary dm-ACE, CLO, DIN and THX concentrations were 0.34, 0.14, 0.22 and 0.05 ng/ml, respectively, in samples collected during gestational weeks < 23, and 0.28, 0.12, 0.18 and 0.04 ng/ml, respectively, in those collected during gestational weeks ≥ 23. The binomial scores divided by the cut-off values of the J-ASQ were used in the treed distributed lag mixture model. The highest percentage for a domain with a value less than the cut-off value was \'problem solving\' at 6 months of age among all the J-ASQ-3 scores (10.5%). There was no statistically significant association between maternal urinary dm-ACE, CLO, DIN and THX concentrations during pregnancy and the J-ASQ-3 results up to 4 years of age. Objective assessment of child development in different populations may be warranted to confirm our findings.
摘要：
背景：最近的研究报道了新烟碱（NEO）暴露对人类发育的影响。然而,关于由于NEO暴露导致儿童发育延迟的风险的信息是有限的。
目的：该研究旨在使用日本环境与儿童研究的数据来检验NEO暴露与4岁以下儿童发育之间的关系。
方法：该研究采用了妊娠早期和中期或中期的尿NEO和代谢物浓度；年龄和阶段问卷的日语翻译（第三版；J-ASQ-3）在五个领域的发育延迟得分，即沟通,粗略的运动技能，精细的运动技能，解决问题,以及6个月至4岁的个人社会特征；以及自我报告的问卷数据。使用树状分布滞后混合模型分析了尿NEO浓度与J-ASQ-3结果之间的关联。共有8538名参与者被纳入统计分析。
结果：尿中啶虫脒-N-去甲基（dm-ACE）的测定率，噻虫胺(CLO)，dinotfuran（DIN）和噻虫嗪（THX）大于50％。尿dm-ACE中位数,CLO,DIN和THX浓度分别为0.34、0.14、0.22和0.05ng/ml，分别,在孕周期间收集的样本<23，以及0.28、0.12、0.18和0.04ng/ml，分别,在妊娠周≥23周收集的患者中。在树状分布滞后混合模型中使用二项式分数除以J-ASQ的截止值。在所有J-ASQ-3评分中，值小于截止值的域的最高百分比是6个月大的“解决问题”（10.5％）。产妇尿dm-ACE之间没有统计学上的显著关联，CLO,怀孕期间的DIN和THX浓度和J-ASQ-3结果长达4岁。可能需要对不同人群的儿童发育进行客观评估，以证实我们的发现。
目的：该研究旨在使用日本环境与儿童研究的数据来检验NEO暴露与4岁以下儿童发育之间的关系。
方法：该研究采用了妊娠早期和中期或中期的尿NEO和代谢物浓度；年龄和阶段问卷的日语翻译（第三版；J-ASQ-3）在五个领域的发育延迟得分，即沟通,粗略的运动技能，精细的运动技能，解决问题,以及6个月至4岁的个人社会特征；以及自我报告的问卷数据。使用树状分布滞后混合模型分析了尿NEO浓度与J-ASQ-3结果之间的关联。共有8538名参与者被纳入统计分析。
结果：尿中啶虫脒-N-去甲基（dm-ACE）的测定率，噻虫胺(CLO)，dinotfuran（DIN）和噻虫嗪（THX）大于50％。尿dm-ACE中位数,CLO,DIN和THX浓度分别为0.34、0.14、0.22和0.05ng/ml，分别,在孕周期间收集的样本<23，以及0.28、0.12、0.18和0.04ng/ml，分别,在妊娠周≥23周收集的患者中。在树状分布滞后混合模型中使用二项式分数除以J-ASQ的截止值。在所有J-ASQ-3评分中，值小于截止值的域的最高百分比是6个月大的“解决问题”（10.5％）。产妇尿dm-ACE之间没有统计学上的显著关联，CLO,怀孕期间的DIN和THX浓度和J-ASQ-3结果长达4岁。可能需要对不同人群的儿童发育进行客观评估，以证实我们的发现。
