Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Filler injection is among the most popular nonsurgical aesthetic procedures worldwide. Though relatively noninvasive, filler injection can lead to severe vascular adverse events. Even though the incidence is rare, it may cause devastating and irreversible outcomes. A Swiss cheese model has been widely applied for risk analysis and management approach in medical field.
OBJECTIVE: In this review article, we adopt the Swiss cheese model and create a structured approach to prevent severe vascular complications caused by filler injections.
METHODS: We reviewed the current literature regarding the knowledge and techniques of preventing vascular adverse events in the filler injection.
RESULTS: We propose four structured strategies in this model to reduce the risk of severe vascular adverse events of filler injections, including clinical facial anatomy, safe filler injection principles, real time imaging and auxiliary instruments, and implication of checklist.
CONCLUSIONS: This review provides clinicians a structured approach before and during the filler injection procedure to reduce the risk of vascular adverse events and improve its safety and outcome.
OBJECTIVE: In this review article, we adopt the Swiss cheese model and create a structured approach to prevent severe vascular complications caused by filler injections.
METHODS: We reviewed the current literature regarding the knowledge and techniques of preventing vascular adverse events in the filler injection.
RESULTS: We propose four structured strategies in this model to reduce the risk of severe vascular adverse events of filler injections, including clinical facial anatomy, safe filler injection principles, real time imaging and auxiliary instruments, and implication of checklist.
CONCLUSIONS: This review provides clinicians a structured approach before and during the filler injection procedure to reduce the risk of vascular adverse events and improve its safety and outcome.
摘要：
背景：填充剂注射是世界上最受欢迎的非手术美学程序之一。虽然相对非侵入性，填充剂注射可导致严重的血管不良事件。尽管发病率很罕见，它可能会导致毁灭性和不可逆转的结果。瑞士奶酪模型已广泛应用于医疗领域的风险分析和管理方法。
目的：在这篇综述中，我们采用瑞士奶酪模型，并创建一个结构化的方法，以防止由填充剂注射引起的严重血管并发症。
方法：我们回顾了目前有关注射填充剂预防血管不良事件的知识和技术的文献。
结果：我们在该模型中提出了四种结构化策略，以降低填充剂注射的严重血管不良事件的风险，包括临床面部解剖学，安全填料注射原理，实时成像和辅助仪器，和清单的含义。
结论：这篇综述为临床医生提供了一种在填充剂注射之前和期间的结构化方法，以降低血管不良事件的风险并改善其安全性和结果。
目的：在这篇综述中，我们采用瑞士奶酪模型，并创建一个结构化的方法，以防止由填充剂注射引起的严重血管并发症。
方法：我们回顾了目前有关注射填充剂预防血管不良事件的知识和技术的文献。
结果：我们在该模型中提出了四种结构化策略，以降低填充剂注射的严重血管不良事件的风险，包括临床面部解剖学，安全填料注射原理，实时成像和辅助仪器，和清单的含义。
结论：这篇综述为临床医生提供了一种在填充剂注射之前和期间的结构化方法，以降低血管不良事件的风险并改善其安全性和结果。
