Abstract：
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infectious disease caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in patients with symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. More than 25 European countries have one or more TBE-endemic areas. Although two TBE vaccines, FSME-IMMUN® and Encepur®, are commonly used in Europe, there are no published reviews of the real-world effectiveness of TBE vaccines in Europe or elsewhere.
We searched PubMed for TBE vaccine effectiveness (VE) articles and extracted information on country, study design, study period, study population, number of TBEV-infected cases, number of participants, and VE against TBEV infection and outcomes.
We identified 13 studies, conducted in Austria, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Germany, and Switzerland, published in 2003-2023. One study was a cohort investigation of a milk-borne outbreak. In the other studies, 11 (91.7%) used the screening method and two (16.7%) used a case-control design (one study used both). TBE vaccines were highly effective (VE estimates >92%) against TBEV infection in all age groups. Vaccines were also highly protective against mild infections (i.e., infections in patients without symptoms of CNS inflammation), and against infections resulting in TBE and hospitalization. Vaccines were also highly protective against the most serious outcomes such as hospitalization greater than 12 days. Product-specific VE estimates were also high, though limited data were available. Studies in Austria, the Czech Republic, Latvia, and Switzerland estimated that TBE vaccines prevented >1,000 TBE cases a year, avoiding many hospitalizations and deaths, in these countries combined.
Published VE studies demonstrate a high real-world effectiveness of the commercially available TBE vaccines in Europe. Although cases averted have been estimated in only four countries, TBE vaccination prevents thousands of cases in Europe each year. To prevent life-threatening TBE, TBE vaccine uptake and compliance with the vaccination schedule should be increased in residents of, and travelers to, TBE-endemic countries in Europe.
We searched PubMed for TBE vaccine effectiveness (VE) articles and extracted information on country, study design, study period, study population, number of TBEV-infected cases, number of participants, and VE against TBEV infection and outcomes.
We identified 13 studies, conducted in Austria, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Germany, and Switzerland, published in 2003-2023. One study was a cohort investigation of a milk-borne outbreak. In the other studies, 11 (91.7%) used the screening method and two (16.7%) used a case-control design (one study used both). TBE vaccines were highly effective (VE estimates >92%) against TBEV infection in all age groups. Vaccines were also highly protective against mild infections (i.e., infections in patients without symptoms of CNS inflammation), and against infections resulting in TBE and hospitalization. Vaccines were also highly protective against the most serious outcomes such as hospitalization greater than 12 days. Product-specific VE estimates were also high, though limited data were available. Studies in Austria, the Czech Republic, Latvia, and Switzerland estimated that TBE vaccines prevented >1,000 TBE cases a year, avoiding many hospitalizations and deaths, in these countries combined.
Published VE studies demonstrate a high real-world effectiveness of the commercially available TBE vaccines in Europe. Although cases averted have been estimated in only four countries, TBE vaccination prevents thousands of cases in Europe each year. To prevent life-threatening TBE, TBE vaccine uptake and compliance with the vaccination schedule should be increased in residents of, and travelers to, TBE-endemic countries in Europe.
摘要：
背景：蜱传脑炎（TBE）是由蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV）引起的具有中枢神经系统（CNS）炎症症状的患者的感染性疾病。超过25个欧洲国家有一个或多个TBE流行区。虽然两种TBE疫苗，FSME-IMMUN®和Encepur®，通常在欧洲使用，在欧洲或其他地方,没有发表关于TBE疫苗真实世界有效性的评论.
方法：我们搜索了PubMed的TBE疫苗有效性（VE）文章，并提取了有关国家/地区的信息，研究设计，学习期间,研究人群,TBEV感染病例数,参与人数,和VE对抗TBEV感染和结果。
结果：我们确定了13项研究，在奥地利进行，捷克共和国,拉脱维亚,德国,瑞士,发表于2003-2023年。一项研究是对牛奶传播暴发的队列调查。在其他研究中,11例（91.7％）使用筛查方法，2例（16.7％）使用病例对照设计（一项研究同时使用）。TBE疫苗对所有年龄组的TBEV感染都非常有效（VE估计>92％）。疫苗对轻度感染也具有高度保护性(即，没有中枢神经系统炎症症状的患者感染)，以及预防导致TBE和住院的感染。疫苗还对最严重的结果具有高度保护作用，例如住院超过12天。特定产品的VE估计也很高，尽管可用的数据有限。在奥地利的研究，捷克共和国,拉脱维亚,瑞士估计，TBE疫苗每年可预防超过1000例TBE病例，避免许多住院和死亡，在这些国家加起来。
结论：已发表的VE研究表明，在欧洲市售的TBE疫苗具有很高的实际效果。尽管估计只有四个国家避免了病例，TBE疫苗接种每年在欧洲预防数千例病例。为了防止危及生命的TBE，居民应增加TBE疫苗的摄取和对疫苗接种时间表的遵守，和旅行者，欧洲的TBE流行国家。
方法：我们搜索了PubMed的TBE疫苗有效性（VE）文章，并提取了有关国家/地区的信息，研究设计，学习期间,研究人群,TBEV感染病例数,参与人数,和VE对抗TBEV感染和结果。
结果：我们确定了13项研究，在奥地利进行，捷克共和国,拉脱维亚,德国,瑞士,发表于2003-2023年。一项研究是对牛奶传播暴发的队列调查。在其他研究中,11例（91.7％）使用筛查方法，2例（16.7％）使用病例对照设计（一项研究同时使用）。TBE疫苗对所有年龄组的TBEV感染都非常有效（VE估计>92％）。疫苗对轻度感染也具有高度保护性(即，没有中枢神经系统炎症症状的患者感染)，以及预防导致TBE和住院的感染。疫苗还对最严重的结果具有高度保护作用，例如住院超过12天。特定产品的VE估计也很高，尽管可用的数据有限。在奥地利的研究，捷克共和国,拉脱维亚,瑞士估计，TBE疫苗每年可预防超过1000例TBE病例，避免许多住院和死亡，在这些国家加起来。
结论：已发表的VE研究表明，在欧洲市售的TBE疫苗具有很高的实际效果。尽管估计只有四个国家避免了病例，TBE疫苗接种每年在欧洲预防数千例病例。为了防止危及生命的TBE，居民应增加TBE疫苗的摄取和对疫苗接种时间表的遵守，和旅行者，欧洲的TBE流行国家。
