Abstract：
The increasing applications of silver nanomaterials (nano-Ag) and their inevitable release posed great potential risks to aquatic organisms and ecosystems. Considerable attention has been attracted on their behaviors and transformations, which were critically important for their subsequent biological toxicities and ecological effects. Therefore, the summary of the recent efforts on the environmental behavior of nano-Ag would be beneficial for understanding the environmental fate and accurate risk assessment. This review summarized the studies on various physical, chemical and biological transformations of nano-Ag, meanwhile, the influencing factors (including the intrinsic properties and environmental conditions) and related mechanisms were highlighted. Surface structure and facets of nano-Ag, abiotic conditions and natural freeze-thaw cycle processes could affect the transformations of nano-Ag under different environmental scenarios (including freshwater, seawater and wastewater). The interactions with co-present components, such as chemicals and other particles, impacted the multiple processes of nano-Ag. Besides, the contradictory effects and mechanisms by several environmental factors were summarized. Lastly, the key knowledge gaps and some aspects that deserve further investigation were also addressed. Therefore, the current review aimed to provide an overall analysis of transformation processes of nano-Ag, which will provide more available information and pave the way for the future research areas.
摘要：
银纳米材料(nano-Ag)的广泛应用及其不可避免的释放给水生生物和生态系统带来了巨大的潜在风险。他们的行为和转变引起了相当大的关注，对其随后的生物毒性和生态影响至关重要。因此,总结有关纳米银环境行为的最新努力将有助于了解环境命运和准确的风险评估。这篇综述总结了各种物理研究，纳米Ag的化学和生物转化，同时,重点介绍了影响因素(包括内在性质和环境条件)和相关机制。纳米银的表面结构和刻面，非生物条件和自然冻融循环过程可能会影响纳米Ag在不同环境情景下的转化（包括淡水，海水和废水)。与共存成分的相互作用，如化学品和其他颗粒，影响了纳米银的多个过程。此外,总结了服务环境因素的矛盾效应和机制。最后,还解决了关键的知识差距和一些值得进一步调查的方面。因此,当前的评论旨在提供对纳米Ag转化过程的整体分析，这将提供更多可用信息，为未来的研究领域铺平道路。
