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Abstract：
Nature-based solutions (NbS) have gained significant attention as a promising approach for remediating contaminated lands, offering multiple ecosystem services (ESs) benefits beyond pollution mitigation. However, the quantitative sustainability assessment of NbS remediation systems, particularly with regard to post-remediation impacts, remains limited. This mini-review aims to address the existing gaps in the assessment of NbS remediation systems by evaluating the limitations of life cycle assessment (LCA) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA) methodologies. A systematic literature search was conducted resulting in the review of 44 relevant studies published between 2006 and 2023. The review highlights an increasing trend in the coverage in the sustainability assessment literature of NbS remediation systems. Phytoextraction was identified as the main NbS mechanism employed in 65 % of the reviewed works, targeting contaminants such as heavy metals and hydrocarbons. However, the post-remediation aspects, including impacts on ESs and the end-of-life management of NbS biomass, were often neglected in the assessments with only a subset of studies partially exploring such aspects. The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to assess the sustainability of NbS remediation systems, including the incorporation of economic factors, site-specific considerations, and post-remediation impacts. Addressing these gaps will enhance the understanding of NbS effectiveness and facilitate informed decision-making for contaminated land remediation.
摘要：
基于自然的解决方案（NbS）作为一种有希望的修复受污染土地的方法，已经获得了极大的关注，提供多种生态系统服务（ESs）的好处超越污染缓解。然而,NBS修复系统的定量可持续性评估，特别是关于补救后的影响，仍然有限。本小型审查旨在通过评估生命周期评估（LCA）和成本效益分析（CBA）方法的局限性来解决NbS补救系统评估中的现有差距。进行了系统的文献检索，对2006年至2023年之间发表的44项相关研究进行了综述。该评论强调了NbS补救系统可持续性评估文献中覆盖范围的增长趋势。植物提取被确定为65％的审查工作中采用的主要NbS机制，针对重金属和碳氢化合物等污染物。然而,补救后方面，包括对ESs的影响和NbS生物质的寿命终止管理，在评估中经常被忽视，只有一部分研究部分探索了这些方面。调查结果强调，需要采取全面和综合的方法来评估NbS补救系统的可持续性，包括纳入经济因素，特定地点的考虑，和补救后的影响。解决这些差距将增进对NbS有效性的理解，并促进对污染土地整治的知情决策。
