PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
A biofilm is a microbial community formed by bacteria that adsorb on the surface of tissues or materials and is wrapped in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids. As a protective barrier, the EPS can not only prevent the penetration of antibiotics and other antibacterial agents into the biofilm, but also protect the bacteria in the biofilm from the attacks of the human immune system, making it difficult to eradicate biofilm-related infections and posing a serious threat to public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new and efficient antibiofilm drugs. Although natural enzymes (lysozyme, peroxidase, etc.) and antimicrobial peptides have excellent bactericidal activity, their low stability in the physiological environment and poor permeability in biofilms limit their application in antibiofilms. With the development of materials science, more and more nanomaterials are being designed to be utilized for antimicrobial and antibiofilm applications. Nanomaterials have great application prospects in antibiofilm because of their good biocompati-bility, unique physical and chemical properties, adjustable nanostructure, high permeability and non-proneness to induce bacterial resistance. In this review, with the application of composite nanomaterials in antibiofilms as the theme, we summarize the research progress of three types of composite nanomaterials, including organic composite materials, inorganic materials and organic-inorganic hybrid materials, used as antibiofilms with non-phototherapy and phototherapy modes of action. At the same time, the challenges and development directions of these composite nanomaterials in antibiofilm therapy are also discussed. It is expected we will provide new ideas for the design of safe and efficient antibiofilm materials.
摘要：
生物膜是由细菌形成的微生物群落，其吸附在组织或材料的表面上，并包裹在细胞外聚合物质（EPS）中，例如多糖，蛋白质和核酸。作为保护屏障,EPS不仅可以防止抗生素和其他抗菌剂渗透到生物膜中，还能保护生物膜中的细菌免受人体免疫系统的攻击，这使得很难根除与生物膜相关的感染，并对公众健康构成严重威胁。因此,迫切需要开发新的高效抗生物膜药物。虽然天然酶（溶菌酶，过氧化物酶,等。)和抗菌肽具有优异的杀菌活性，它们在生理环境中的低稳定性和在生物膜中的差渗透性限制了它们在抗生物膜中的应用。随着材料科学的发展,越来越多的纳米材料被设计用于抗菌和抗生物膜应用。纳米材料由于其良好的生物相容性,在抗生物膜中具有巨大的应用前景,独特的物理和化学性质，可调纳米结构，高渗透性和非倾向性诱导细菌耐药性。在这次审查中,以复合纳米材料在抗生物膜中的应用为主题，综述了三种复合纳米材料的研究进展,包括有机复合材料，无机材料和有机-无机混合材料，用作具有非光疗和光疗作用模式的抗生物膜。同时,还讨论了这些复合纳米材料在抗生物膜治疗中面临的挑战和发展方向。期望我们将为安全高效的抗生物膜材料的设计提供新的思路。
