Abstract：
SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) induces dysregulated production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, called the cytokine storm, leading to the development of severe pneumonia and ARDS. We aimed to examine the dynamic cytokine response on different days of the disease in adult COVID-19 patients.
Our study included 142 patients (with SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive nasopharyngeal samples) with varying disease severity and admitted on different days of the disease. We examined the presence and mean levels of TNF-α and IL-10 and did a correlation and logistic regression analysis.
TNF-α levels were high in all patients, with mean levels being the highest on day 5 of the disease. IL-10 was high only in a quarter of the patients. The levels of IL-10 were also the highest on day 5, which was significantly different from the mean levels on the other days of the disease. Average IL-10 levels were not any higher than the normal range on the other days. We found a significant positive correlation between the levels of TNF-α and IL-10 during the first week of the infection. In the second week, the positive correlation was no longer significant, and starting from day 10, there was even a slight negative correlation. IL-10 level increase showed prognostic significance for severe, but not the critical forms of the disease.
The uncontrolled immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the second week of the disease can be the result of dysregulated production of endogenous anti-inflammatory cytokines. This leads to a severe disease course and a possible unfavorable outcome.
Our study included 142 patients (with SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive nasopharyngeal samples) with varying disease severity and admitted on different days of the disease. We examined the presence and mean levels of TNF-α and IL-10 and did a correlation and logistic regression analysis.
TNF-α levels were high in all patients, with mean levels being the highest on day 5 of the disease. IL-10 was high only in a quarter of the patients. The levels of IL-10 were also the highest on day 5, which was significantly different from the mean levels on the other days of the disease. Average IL-10 levels were not any higher than the normal range on the other days. We found a significant positive correlation between the levels of TNF-α and IL-10 during the first week of the infection. In the second week, the positive correlation was no longer significant, and starting from day 10, there was even a slight negative correlation. IL-10 level increase showed prognostic significance for severe, but not the critical forms of the disease.
The uncontrolled immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the second week of the disease can be the result of dysregulated production of endogenous anti-inflammatory cytokines. This leads to a severe disease course and a possible unfavorable outcome.
摘要：
背景：SARS-CoV-2感染（COVID-19）诱导促炎和抗炎细胞因子的产生失调，称为细胞因子风暴，导致严重肺炎和ARDS的发展。我们的目的是检查成年COVID-19患者在疾病不同日期的动态细胞因子反应。
方法：我们的研究包括142例患者（SARS-CoV-2PCR阳性的鼻咽标本），这些患者在疾病的不同天数入院。我们检查了TNF-α和IL-10的存在和平均水平，并进行了相关性和逻辑回归分析。
结果：所有患者的TNF-α水平都很高，疾病第5天的平均水平最高。IL-10仅在四分之一的患者中很高。IL-10的水平在第5天也最高，与疾病其他日子的平均水平显着不同。其他日子的平均IL-10水平不高于正常范围。我们发现在感染的第一周，TNF-α和IL-10的水平之间存在显着正相关。第二周,正相关不再显著,从第10天开始，甚至有轻微的负相关。IL-10水平升高对严重，但不是这种疾病的关键形式。
结论：在疾病第二周对SARS-CoV-2的免疫反应失控可能是内源性抗炎细胞因子产生失调的结果。这导致严重的疾病过程和可能的不利结果。
方法：我们的研究包括142例患者（SARS-CoV-2PCR阳性的鼻咽标本），这些患者在疾病的不同天数入院。我们检查了TNF-α和IL-10的存在和平均水平，并进行了相关性和逻辑回归分析。
结果：所有患者的TNF-α水平都很高，疾病第5天的平均水平最高。IL-10仅在四分之一的患者中很高。IL-10的水平在第5天也最高，与疾病其他日子的平均水平显着不同。其他日子的平均IL-10水平不高于正常范围。我们发现在感染的第一周，TNF-α和IL-10的水平之间存在显着正相关。第二周,正相关不再显著,从第10天开始，甚至有轻微的负相关。IL-10水平升高对严重，但不是这种疾病的关键形式。
结论：在疾病第二周对SARS-CoV-2的免疫反应失控可能是内源性抗炎细胞因子产生失调的结果。这导致严重的疾病过程和可能的不利结果。
