Abstract：
Water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource due to growing multi-sector demand and the effects of climate change. During droughts, the proportional rule is the most widespread water allocation method applied in irrigation systems. However, this method fails to guarantee efficient water allocation or to provide a fair method of water allocation. This paper aims to verify whether by replacing the water allocation methods based on a proportional rule with methods based on a priority rule could improve the allocation of water resources and minimize the negative economic impacts of water shortages. The ultimate objective of this research is to design a water pricing scheme capable of guaranteeing efficient water reallocation during drought conditions. Therefore, an experiment was carried out for the largest irrigated area in southern Italy, covered by the Capitanata Reclamation and Irrigation board (CBC). A positive mathematical programming model was implemented in order to simulate the effects of the proposed mechanism. The findings show that priority mechanisms have the potential to improve overall economic efficiency in the event of water shortages. However, results also point to the need for optimal design of a differentiated water pricing scheme.
摘要：
由于多部门需求的增长和气候变化的影响，水正成为一种越来越稀缺的资源。在干旱期间，比例规则是灌溉系统中应用最广泛的水分配方法。然而,这种方法不能保证有效的水资源分配或提供公平的水资源分配方法。本文旨在验证通过用基于优先规则的方法代替基于比例规则的水分配方法是否可以改善水资源的分配并最大程度地减少水资源短缺的负面经济影响。这项研究的最终目标是设计一种能够在干旱条件下保证有效水资源重新分配的水价方案。因此,对意大利南部最大的灌溉区进行了一项实验，由Capitanata开垦和灌溉委员会（CBC）覆盖。为了模拟所提出的机制的影响，实现了一个积极的数学规划模型。研究结果表明，在水资源短缺的情况下，优先机制有可能提高整体经济效率。然而,结果还指出，需要优化设计差异化的水价方案。
