Abstract：
Protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs) represent the physical interactions among proteins in a cell. These interactions are critical in all cellular processes, including signal transduction, metabolic regulation, and gene expression. In PPINs, centrality measures are widely used to identify the most critical nodes. The two most commonly used centrality measures in networks are degree and betweenness centralities. Degree centrality is the number of connections a node has in the network, and betweenness centrality is the measure of the extent to which a node lies on the shortest paths between pairs of other nodes in the network. In PPINs, proteins with high degree and betweenness centrality are referred to as hubs and bottlenecks respectively. Hubs and bottlenecks are topologically and functionally essential proteins that play crucial roles in maintaining the network\'s structure and function. This article comprehensively reviews essential literature on hubs and bottlenecks, including their properties and functions.
摘要：
蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络（PPIN）代表细胞中蛋白质之间的物理相互作用。这些相互作用在所有细胞过程中都至关重要，包括信号转导，代谢调节，和基因表达。在PPIN中,中心性度量被广泛用于识别最关键的节点。网络中最常用的两种中心性度量是程度和介数中心性。度中心性是节点在网络中的连接数，介数中心性是衡量一个节点在网络中其他节点对之间的最短路径上的程度。在PPIN中,具有高度和介数中心性的蛋白质分别被称为中心和瓶颈。集线器和瓶颈是拓扑和功能上必不可少的蛋白质，在维持网络结构和功能中起着至关重要的作用。本文全面回顾了关于枢纽和瓶颈的基本文献，包括它们的属性和功能。
