Abstract：
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are typical point sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) released into the environment. The suspect and nontarget screening based on gas chromatography or liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry were performed on atmosphere, wastewater, and sludge samples collected from two WWTPs in Tianjin to discover emerging PFAS and their fate in this study. A total of 40 PFAS (14 neutral and 26 ionic) and 64 PFAS were identified in the atmosphere and wastewater/sludge, respectively, among which 5 short-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonamide derivatives, 4 ionic PFAS, and 15 aqueous film-forming foam-related cationic or zwitterionic PFAS have rarely or never been reported in WWTPs in China. Active air sampling is more conducive to the enrichment of emerging PFAS, while passive sampling is inclined to leave out some ultrashort-chain PFAS or unstable transformation intermediates. Moreover, most precursors and intermediates could be enriched in the atmosphere at night, while the PFAS associated with aerosols with high water content or particles enter the atmosphere easily during the day. Although most emerging PFAS could not be eliminated efficiently in conventional treatment units, deep bed filtration and advanced oxidation processes could partly remove some emerging precursors.
摘要：
废水处理厂（WWTP）是释放到环境中的全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的典型点源。在大气中进行了基于气相色谱或液相色谱-高分辨率质谱的可疑和非目标筛查，废水,和从天津的两个污水处理厂收集的污泥样品，以发现新兴的PFAS及其命运。在大气和废水/污泥中总共鉴定出40个PFAS（14个中性和26个离子）和64个PFAS，分别,其中5种短链全氟烷基磺酰胺衍生物，4离子PFAS，和15水性成膜泡沫相关的阳离子或两性离子PFAS在中国的污水处理厂中很少或从未报道过。主动空气采样更有利于新兴PFAS的富集，而被动采样倾向于遗漏一些超短链PFAS或不稳定的转化中间体。此外，大多数前体和中间体可以在夜间在大气中富集，而与高含水量或颗粒气溶胶相关的PFAS在白天很容易进入大气。尽管大多数新兴的PFAS无法在常规处理单元中有效消除，深床过滤和高级氧化工艺可以部分去除一些新兴的前体。
