Abstract：
Keds are hematophagous ectoparasites of animals belonging to the family Hippoboscidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea). Because of their importance as vectors of some pathogens of medical and veterinary importance, they have received special attention. There are numerous studies demonstrating the presence of various parasites and pathogenic bacteria in keds. At the same time, there are very few reports on ked-related viruses. The aim of this study was to perform a molecular survey of viral pathogens in the forest fly (Hippobosca equina) from southern Kazakhstan. In this study, 104H. equina were collected from livestock in Turkistan oblast (southern region of Kazakhstan), which has the largest concentration of livestock in the country. Insect homogenates were screened by PCR for pestiviruses, orbiviruses, flaviviruses, orthobunyaviruses, phleboviruses, orthopoxviruses, capripoxviruses, parapoxviruses, and asfiviruses. The causative agents of two livestock diseases, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) (3/104; 2.88%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6-8.2%) and bluetongue virus (BTV) (1/104; 0.96%; 95% CI: 0.02-5.24%), were identified and subjected to further analysis. The BTV strain was isolated and all ten genomic RNA segments were sequenced using the Sanger technique. The isolated BTV strain showed >99.6% identity in all genomic segments with the BTV-9 strains belonging to the \'western\' topotype. Partial analysis of the 5\'-untranslated region demonstrated that both BVDV strains are closely related to Pestivirus B. Flaviviruses, phleboviruses, orthobunyaviruses, poxviruses, and asfiviruses were not detected. This is the first report describing BVDV type 2 in Kazakhstan. The study also confirms the presence of BTV serotype 9 in southern Kazakhstan. The data presented here can help improve preventive measures to control the spread of viral diseases in livestock by using forest flies as an object of epidemiological studies. However, further studies are needed to investigate the vector capacity of H. equina and its suitability for xenodiagnosis of veterinary relevant pathogens.
摘要：
Keds是属于Hipposcidae（双翅目：Hipposcoidea）家族的动物的吸血体外寄生虫。由于它们作为某些医学和兽医重要病原体的媒介的重要性，他们受到了特别的关注。有许多研究证明在keds中存在各种寄生虫和致病菌。同时,关于ked相关病毒的报道很少。这项研究的目的是对哈萨克斯坦南部的森林蝇（马匹）中的病毒病原体进行分子调查。在这项研究中,104H.马匹是从土耳其斯坦州（哈萨克斯坦南部地区）的牲畜中收集的，这是全国牲畜最集中的地方。通过PCR筛选昆虫匀浆中的瘟病毒，Orbivirus,黄病毒,正双头病毒，静脉病毒,正痘病毒，卡痘病毒，副痘病毒,和asfiviruses。两种牲畜疾病的病原体，牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)(3/104;2.88%;95%置信区间(CI):0.6-8.2%)和蓝舌病毒(BTV)(1/104;0.96%;95%CI:0.02-5.24%),进行了鉴定并进行了进一步分析。分离BTV菌株并使用Sanger技术对所有十个基因组RNA片段进行测序。分离的BTV菌株在所有基因组区段中与属于\'western\'拓扑类型的BTV-9菌株显示>99.6%的同一性。对5'-非翻译区的部分分析表明，两种BVDV毒株均与瘟病毒B.黄病毒密切相关。静脉病毒,正双头病毒，痘病毒,并且未检测到asfivirus。这是描述哈萨克斯坦2型BVDV的第一份报告。该研究还证实了哈萨克斯坦南部存在BTV血清型9。通过使用森林苍蝇作为流行病学研究的对象，此处提供的数据可以帮助改善预防措施，以控制病毒性疾病在牲畜中的传播。然而,需要进一步的研究来研究马匹的载体容量及其在兽医相关病原体异种诊断中的适用性。
