Abstract：
Water treadmill (WT) exercise may induce limb and back kinematics that meet specific training and rehabilitation goals. The study aimed to investigate the effects of walk speed, at different water depths (WDs), on limb and back kinematics of six Thoroughbreds exercising on a WT. Horses walked at 2.8/4.3/5.5/6.0 km/h (i.e. 0.8/1.2/1.5/1.7 m/s) at dry, metacarpophalangeal and carpal WD. Videography captured limb movement in the sagittal plane. Motion-capture measured thoracolumbosacral flexion-extension (FE), and lateral bend (LB) ranges of movement (ROM) using skin surface markers on the sixth, tenth, thirteenth, eighteenth thoracic, third and fifth lumbar, and third sacral spinous processes. Inertial-motion-sensors measured poll, withers and pelvic displacements. Following preliminary univariable analyses, multivariable mixed-effects linear-regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between speed, WD and each outcome variable (P < 0.05). Peak metacarpophalangeal, carpal and tarsal joint flexion increased with speed (P ≤ 0.002) and depth combined (P 0.001) while peak metatarsophalangeal flexion increased with WD only (P 0.001). Thoracolumbar FE-ROM between T10 and L3 and hindlimb retraction was increased by speed and WD combined (P 0.001). Hindlimb protraction was increased by speed (P 0.001) while hindlimb retraction was increased by speed and WD combined (P 0.001). Dorsoventral poll displacement was increased by speed (P 0.001) and carpal WD (P = 0.013), craniocaudal poll displacement was increased by speed and WD combined (P 0.001). Pelvic (tubera coxae and sacrum) dorsoventral displacements increased with speed and WD combined (P 0.001). Understanding the effects of speed and WD on limb, back and pelvic kinematics will improve decision making relating to dry and WT exercise within training.
摘要：
水上跑步机（WT）运动可能会引起肢体和背部运动学，以满足特定的训练和康复目标。这项研究旨在研究步行速度的影响，在不同的水深（WD），在WT上锻炼的六个纯种的肢体和背部运动学。马在干燥时以2.8/4.3/5.5/6.0km/h（即0.8/1.2/1.5/1.7m/s）的速度行走，掌指骨和腕骨WD。录像拍摄了矢状平面中的肢体运动。运动捕获测量胸腰骶骨屈伸（FE），和横向弯曲（LB）运动范围（ROM）使用皮肤表面标记在第六个，第十,第十三,第十八胸廓，第三和第五腰椎，和第三个骶骨棘突。惯性运动传感器测量轮询，枯萎和骨盆移位。在初步的单变量分析之后，多变量混合效应线性回归分析用于检查速度，WD及各结局变量(P<0.05)。掌指峰，腕关节和tal关节屈曲随速度（P≤0.002）和深度的增加而增加（P<0.001），而峰屈仅随WD的增加而增加（P<0.001）。T10和L3之间的胸腰椎FE-ROM和后肢回缩通过速度和WD组合增加（P<0.001）。后肢牵伸速度增加（P<0.001），而后肢牵伸速度和WD结合增加（P<0.001）。背腹侧点位移随速度（P<0.001）和腕部WD（P=0.013）而增加，经颅尾端位移随速度和WD的结合而增加(P<0.001)。骨盆（结节和骶骨）背腹侧位移随速度和WD的增加而增加（P<0.001）。了解速度和WD对肢体的影响，背部和骨盆运动学将改善与训练中的干运动和WT运动相关的决策。
