Abstract：
The purpose of the study was to determine the bone mineral densities (BMDs) of the C1 and C2 vertebrae and discuss their implications for autonomous vehicle environments and vulnerable road users. Using quantitated computed tomography (QCT), the BMDs were obtained at eight regions for the C1 vertebra and seven regions for the C2 vertebra. The spine surgeon author outlined the boundaries of each region, and nine elderly female human cadaver specimens were used. The regions were based on potential stabilization locations for fracture fixation. In the C1 vertebra, the BMD was greatest at the anterior tubercle, followed by the posterior tubercle, the posterior arch, and the lateral and anterior lateral masses. In the C2 vertebra, the distal odontoid had the greatest BMD, followed by the spinous process, the C2-lateral mass, the odontoid-body interface, and the anterior inferior aspect of the body. Use of these data in female-specific finite element models may lead to a better understanding of load paths, injuries, mechanisms, and tolerance.
摘要：
该研究的目的是确定C1和C2椎骨的骨矿物质密度（BMD），并讨论其对自动驾驶汽车环境和弱势道路使用者的影响。使用定量计算机断层扫描（QCT），在C1椎骨的八个区域和C2椎骨的七个区域获得BMD。脊柱外科医生的作者概述了每个区域的边界，并使用了九具老年女性尸体标本。这些区域基于骨折固定的潜在稳定位置。在C1椎骨中，前结节的骨密度最大,接着是后结节，后弓，以及外侧和前外侧肿块。在C2椎骨中，齿状突远端有最大的骨密度,接着是棘突,C2侧块，齿状突-身体界面，和身体的前下方面。在女性特定的有限元模型中使用这些数据可能会导致对载荷路径的更好理解，受伤,机制,和宽容。
