PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Norwegian Red has been shown to have high levels of estrus behavior under experimental conditions. However, the estrus behaviors of Norwegian Red cows have not been studied under commercial conditions.
UNASSIGNED: A herd of 89 Norwegian Red cows housed in free stalls on concrete, slatted floors, were continuously video monitored for 21 days. Ovarian cyclicity was confirmed in a final study sample group (n = 18) using milk progesterone concentrations. All mounting and standing activities were recorded, and the duration of mount estrus, standing estrus and the differences between these; prestand and poststand, were determined. The cycle stages metestrus, diestrus and proestrus were estimated based on the starting time and ending time of mount estrus.
UNASSIGNED: All cows in the final study sample group exhibited the primary estrus sign, \'standing to be mounted\' during estrus. Two (11%), eleven (61%) and six (33%) cows exhibited the behavior \'standing to be mounted\' during metestrus, diestrus and proestrus, respectively. The number of mounts initiated by individual cows was higher during mount and stand estrus than during the rest of the estrous cycle. This study reports a median duration of mount estrus and stand estrus of 21.0 h (interquartile range (IQR) 15.0 to 27.3) and 14.3 h (IQR 12.0 to 18.8), respectively. The median counts per hour of all mount behaviors were 8.6 (IQR 5.6 to 11.3), 1.51 (IQR 0.3 to 3.8) and 1.7 (IQR 0.8 to 6.0) for standing estrus, prestand and poststand, respectively.
UNASSIGNED: This study shows that under commercial conditions the Norwegian Red cow displays a high level of mount and stand activity associated with estrus.
UNASSIGNED: A herd of 89 Norwegian Red cows housed in free stalls on concrete, slatted floors, were continuously video monitored for 21 days. Ovarian cyclicity was confirmed in a final study sample group (n = 18) using milk progesterone concentrations. All mounting and standing activities were recorded, and the duration of mount estrus, standing estrus and the differences between these; prestand and poststand, were determined. The cycle stages metestrus, diestrus and proestrus were estimated based on the starting time and ending time of mount estrus.
UNASSIGNED: All cows in the final study sample group exhibited the primary estrus sign, \'standing to be mounted\' during estrus. Two (11%), eleven (61%) and six (33%) cows exhibited the behavior \'standing to be mounted\' during metestrus, diestrus and proestrus, respectively. The number of mounts initiated by individual cows was higher during mount and stand estrus than during the rest of the estrous cycle. This study reports a median duration of mount estrus and stand estrus of 21.0 h (interquartile range (IQR) 15.0 to 27.3) and 14.3 h (IQR 12.0 to 18.8), respectively. The median counts per hour of all mount behaviors were 8.6 (IQR 5.6 to 11.3), 1.51 (IQR 0.3 to 3.8) and 1.7 (IQR 0.8 to 6.0) for standing estrus, prestand and poststand, respectively.
UNASSIGNED: This study shows that under commercial conditions the Norwegian Red cow displays a high level of mount and stand activity associated with estrus.
摘要：
■挪威红已被证明在实验条件下具有高水平的发情行为。然而,挪威红牛的发情行为尚未在商业条件下进行研究。
■一群89头挪威红牛被安置在混凝土上的免费摊位中，板条地板,连续视频监控21天。使用牛奶孕酮浓度在最终研究样品组（n=18）中确认了卵巢周期性。记录了所有的坐骑和站立活动，和动情的持续时间，站立的发情和它们之间的差异；前庭和后庭，决心。周期阶段动情期，根据发情山的开始时间和结束时间估计发情期和发情期。
■最终研究样本组中的所有母牛都表现出发情迹象，发情期的\'站立要安装\'。两个（11％），11头(61%)和6头(33%)母牛在动情期表现出“站立”的行为，发情期和发情期，分别。在发情周期的其余部分中，个体母牛在发情和站立发情期间发起的坐骑数量更高。这项研究报告了动情期和立位发情期的中位数为21.0h（四分位距（IQR）15.0至27.3）和14.3h（IQR12.0至18.8），分别。所有坐骑行为的每小时中位数为8.6（IQR5.6至11.3），站立发情期为1.51（IQR0.3至3.8）和1.7（IQR0.8至6.0），Prestandandpoststand,分别。
■这项研究表明，在商业条件下，挪威红牛表现出与发情相关的高水平的坐骑和林分活动。
■一群89头挪威红牛被安置在混凝土上的免费摊位中，板条地板,连续视频监控21天。使用牛奶孕酮浓度在最终研究样品组（n=18）中确认了卵巢周期性。记录了所有的坐骑和站立活动，和动情的持续时间，站立的发情和它们之间的差异；前庭和后庭，决心。周期阶段动情期，根据发情山的开始时间和结束时间估计发情期和发情期。
■最终研究样本组中的所有母牛都表现出发情迹象，发情期的\'站立要安装\'。两个（11％），11头(61%)和6头(33%)母牛在动情期表现出“站立”的行为，发情期和发情期，分别。在发情周期的其余部分中，个体母牛在发情和站立发情期间发起的坐骑数量更高。这项研究报告了动情期和立位发情期的中位数为21.0h（四分位距（IQR）15.0至27.3）和14.3h（IQR12.0至18.8），分别。所有坐骑行为的每小时中位数为8.6（IQR5.6至11.3），站立发情期为1.51（IQR0.3至3.8）和1.7（IQR0.8至6.0），Prestandandpoststand,分别。
■这项研究表明，在商业条件下，挪威红牛表现出与发情相关的高水平的坐骑和林分活动。
