PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a challenge for global health services, affecting millions and leading thousands to end-stage liver disease each year. This comprehensive review explores the interactions between HBV and the host, examining their impact on clinical outcomes. HBV infection encompasses a spectrum of severity, ranging from acute hepatitis B to chronic hepatitis B, which can potentially progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), characterized by low HBV DNA levels in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative individuals, can reactivate and cause acute hepatitis B. HBV genotyping has revealed unique geographical patterns and relationships with clinical outcomes. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the human host genome have been linked to several clinical outcomes, including cirrhosis, HCC, OBI, hepatitis B reactivation, and spontaneous clearance. The immune response plays a key role in controlling HBV infection by eliminating infected cells and neutralizing HBV in the bloodstream. Furthermore, HBV can modulate host metabolic pathways involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and bile acid absorption, influencing disease progression. HBV clinical outcomes correlate with three levels of viral adaptation. In conclusion, the clinical outcomes of HBV infection could result from complex immune and metabolic interactions between the host and HBV. These outcomes can vary among populations and are influenced by HBV genotypes, host genetics, environmental factors, and lifestyle. Understanding the degrees of HBV adaptation is essential for developing region-specific control and prevention measures.
摘要：
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是全球卫生服务的挑战，每年影响数百万人，导致数千人患上终末期肝病。这篇全面的综述探讨了HBV与宿主之间的相互作用，检查它们对临床结果的影响。HBV感染包括严重程度的频谱，从急性乙型肝炎到慢性乙型肝炎，这可能会进展为肝硬化和肝细胞癌（HCC）。隐匿性乙型肝炎感染（OBI），以乙型肝炎表面抗原阴性个体中HBVDNA水平低为特征，可以重新激活并导致急性乙型肝炎HBV基因分型揭示了独特的地理模式和与临床结果的关系。此外，人类宿主基因组中的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）已与几种临床结果相关联，包括肝硬化,HCC,奥比,乙型肝炎再激活，和自发清除。免疫应答通过消除感染细胞和中和血液中的HBV在控制HBV感染中起关键作用。此外，HBV可以调节参与葡萄糖和脂质代谢和胆汁酸吸收的宿主代谢途径，影响疾病进展。HBV临床结果与病毒适应的三个水平相关。总之,HBV感染的临床结局可能是宿主与HBV之间复杂的免疫和代谢相互作用所致.这些结果可以在人群之间变化，并受到HBV基因型的影响，宿主遗传学，环境因素,和生活方式。了解HBV适应程度对于制定特定地区的控制和预防措施至关重要。
