PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This study explored the effect of the long-term partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on soil organic carbon composition, enzyme activity, and crop yields in the wheat-maize rotation area of northern Anhui, China. This study also specified the proper amount of organic fertilizer replacement that should be used for chemical fertilizer. Different fertilization modes were used (no fertilization, CK; chemical fertilizer, CF; chemical fertilizer and straw returning, CF + S; chemical fertilizer, straw returning, and straw decomposition agent, CF + S + DA; 70% chemical fertilizer and 50% organic fertilizer, 70% CF + 50% OF; 70% chemical fertilizer, 50% organic fertilizer and straw returning, 70% CF + 50% OF + S; 50% chemical fertilizer and 100% organic fertilizer, 50% CF + 100% OF; and 50% chemical fertilizer, 100% organic fertilizer, and straw returning, 50% CF + 100% OF + S). Variations in the organic carbon composition, enzyme activity, soil pH, and crop yields in the wheat-maize rotation under different fertilization treatments were analyzed. The results showed that the replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer results in improved crop yields in wheat-maize rotation. The long-term partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer can increase the quality of soil humus, alleviate soil acidification, and improve soil enzyme activity. Straw returning and organic fertilizer application can considerably raise the activities of urease, acid phosphatase, and nitrate reductase in soil. The soil pH of the CF treatment was reduced compared to the CK treatment, while organic fertilizer application alleviated soil acidification when compared to CF treatment. Organic fertilization increases the total organic carbon content of the soil, which was 19.6~85.5% higher than in the CK treatment. Applying straw and organic fertilizer significantly increased the ratio of the humic/fulvic acid in the soil. The soil active carbon forms of the soil with the application of organic fertilizer and straw returning were significantly higher than those of the CK and CF treatments. This study suggests that the optimal fertilizer management option in northern Anhui\'s wheat-maize rotation area is to replace 50% of the chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer, and to fully return straw to the field. This would include 150 kg N h·m-2, 60 kg P2O5 h·m-2, 50 kg K2O h·m-2, 6000 kg organic fertilizer h·m-2, and full straw return to the field.
摘要：
本研究探讨了有机肥长期部分替代化肥对土壤有机碳组成的影响,酶活性，安徽北部小麦玉米轮作区的作物产量，中国。这项研究还规定了化学肥料应使用的有机肥料替代量。采用不同的施肥模式(不施肥，CK；化肥，CF；化肥和秸秆还田，CF+S；化肥，秸秆还田,和秸秆分解剂，CF+S+DA;70%化肥和50%有机肥,70%CF+50%OF;70%化肥,50%有机肥和秸秆还田,70%CF+50%OF+S;50%化肥和100%有机肥,50%CF+100%OF;和50%化肥,100%有机肥,和稻草返回，50%CF+100%OF+S)。有机碳组成的变化，酶活性，土壤pH值,分析了不同施肥处理下小麦-玉米轮作的作物产量。结果表明，用有机肥替代化肥可以提高小麦-玉米轮作的作物产量。用有机肥长期部分替代化肥可以提高土壤腐殖质的质量,缓解土壤酸化，提高土壤酶活性。秸秆还田和施用有机肥可以大大提高脲酶的活性，酸性磷酸酶,和土壤中的硝酸还原酶。与CK处理相比，CF处理的土壤pH值降低，与CF处理相比，有机肥的施用减轻了土壤酸化。有机施肥提高了土壤总有机碳含量,比CK治疗高19.6~85.5%。施用秸秆和有机肥显著增加了土壤中腐殖酸/富里酸的比例。施用有机肥和秸秆还田的土壤活性碳形态显著高于CK和CF处理。这项研究表明，皖北小麦-玉米轮作区的最佳肥料管理方案是用有机肥替代50%的化肥。并将稻草完全归还田间。这将包括150kgNh·m-2，60kgP2O5h·m-2，50kgK2Oh·m-2，6000kg有机肥h·m-2和全部秸秆还田。
