Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: In this study, a bidirectional mendelian randomization was applied to evaluate the association of smoking and alcohol consumption with 11 otolaryngological diseases.
METHODS: A total of 85,22,34 and 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms were used as instrumental variables for smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, alcoholic drinks per week and alcohol consumption, respectively. Genetic associations with 11 common otolaryngological diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank and FinnGen dataset. IVW, weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out method were used in this analysis.
RESULTS: Smoking initiation increased the risk of vocal cord and larynx diseases (OR 1.002; 95% CI 1.001-1.004; P = 4 × 10-4), head and neck cancer (OR 1.001; 95% CI 0.999-1.003; P = 0.027), thyroid cancer (OR 1.538; 95% CI 1.006-2.351; P = 0.047) and sleep apnoea (OR 1.286; 95% CI 1.099-1.506; P = 0.002). Cigarettes per day was associated with chronic sinusitis (OR 1.152; 95% CI 1.002-1.324; P = 0.046), chronic rhinitis and pharyngitis (OR 1.200; 95% CI 1.033-1.393; P = 0.017), vocal cord and larynx diseases (OR 1.001; 95% CI 0.999-1.002; P = 0.021) and head and neck cancer (OR 1.001; 95% CI 0.999-1.003; P = 0.017). Alcoholic drinks per week only was significantly associated with the risk of head and neck cancer (OR 1.003; 95% CI 1.001-1.006; P = 0.014). However, there was no evidence to support that genetically predicted alcohol consumption increased the risk of otolaryngological diseases. Reverse MR also did not find outcomes effect on exposures.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that smoking and heavy alcohol consumption promote the occurrence of some otolaryngological diseases indicating that lifestyle modification might be beneficial in preventing otolaryngological diseases.
METHODS: A total of 85,22,34 and 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms were used as instrumental variables for smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, alcoholic drinks per week and alcohol consumption, respectively. Genetic associations with 11 common otolaryngological diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank and FinnGen dataset. IVW, weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out method were used in this analysis.
RESULTS: Smoking initiation increased the risk of vocal cord and larynx diseases (OR 1.002; 95% CI 1.001-1.004; P = 4 × 10-4), head and neck cancer (OR 1.001; 95% CI 0.999-1.003; P = 0.027), thyroid cancer (OR 1.538; 95% CI 1.006-2.351; P = 0.047) and sleep apnoea (OR 1.286; 95% CI 1.099-1.506; P = 0.002). Cigarettes per day was associated with chronic sinusitis (OR 1.152; 95% CI 1.002-1.324; P = 0.046), chronic rhinitis and pharyngitis (OR 1.200; 95% CI 1.033-1.393; P = 0.017), vocal cord and larynx diseases (OR 1.001; 95% CI 0.999-1.002; P = 0.021) and head and neck cancer (OR 1.001; 95% CI 0.999-1.003; P = 0.017). Alcoholic drinks per week only was significantly associated with the risk of head and neck cancer (OR 1.003; 95% CI 1.001-1.006; P = 0.014). However, there was no evidence to support that genetically predicted alcohol consumption increased the risk of otolaryngological diseases. Reverse MR also did not find outcomes effect on exposures.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that smoking and heavy alcohol consumption promote the occurrence of some otolaryngological diseases indicating that lifestyle modification might be beneficial in preventing otolaryngological diseases.
摘要：
目的：在本研究中，我们采用双向孟德尔随机化方法评估了吸烟和饮酒与11种耳鼻喉科疾病的相关性.
方法：共有85,22,34和7个单核苷酸多态性被用作吸烟起始的工具变量，每天的香烟，每周的酒精饮料和酒精消费，分别。从UKBiobank和FinnGen数据集获得与11种常见耳鼻喉疾病的遗传关联。IVW,加权中位数，MR-Egger,该分析使用MR-PRESSO和留一法。
结果：开始吸烟会增加声带和喉疾病的风险（OR1.002;95％CI1.001-1.004;P=4×10-4），头颈部肿瘤（OR1.001；95%CI0.999-1.003；P=0.027），甲状腺癌(OR1.538;95%CI1.006-2.351;P=0.047)和睡眠呼吸暂停(OR1.286;95%CI1.099-1.506;P=0.002)。每天吸烟与慢性鼻窦炎相关(OR1.152;95%CI1.002-1.324;P=0.046),慢性鼻炎和咽炎（OR1.200;95％CI1.033-1.393;P=0.017），声带和喉疾病(OR1.001;95%CI0.999-1.002;P=0.021)和头颈部癌(OR1.001;95%CI0.999-1.003;P=0.017)。每周酒精饮料仅与头颈部癌症的风险显着相关（OR1.003;95％CI1.001-1.006;P=0.014）。然而,没有证据支持基因预测的饮酒会增加耳鼻喉疾病的风险.反向MR也没有发现结果对暴露的影响。
结论：这项研究表明，吸烟和大量饮酒会促进一些耳鼻喉疾病的发生，表明生活方式的改变可能有利于预防耳鼻喉疾病。
方法：共有85,22,34和7个单核苷酸多态性被用作吸烟起始的工具变量，每天的香烟，每周的酒精饮料和酒精消费，分别。从UKBiobank和FinnGen数据集获得与11种常见耳鼻喉疾病的遗传关联。IVW,加权中位数，MR-Egger,该分析使用MR-PRESSO和留一法。
结果：开始吸烟会增加声带和喉疾病的风险（OR1.002;95％CI1.001-1.004;P=4×10-4），头颈部肿瘤（OR1.001；95%CI0.999-1.003；P=0.027），甲状腺癌(OR1.538;95%CI1.006-2.351;P=0.047)和睡眠呼吸暂停(OR1.286;95%CI1.099-1.506;P=0.002)。每天吸烟与慢性鼻窦炎相关(OR1.152;95%CI1.002-1.324;P=0.046),慢性鼻炎和咽炎（OR1.200;95％CI1.033-1.393;P=0.017），声带和喉疾病(OR1.001;95%CI0.999-1.002;P=0.021)和头颈部癌(OR1.001;95%CI0.999-1.003;P=0.017)。每周酒精饮料仅与头颈部癌症的风险显着相关（OR1.003;95％CI1.001-1.006;P=0.014）。然而,没有证据支持基因预测的饮酒会增加耳鼻喉疾病的风险.反向MR也没有发现结果对暴露的影响。
结论：这项研究表明，吸烟和大量饮酒会促进一些耳鼻喉疾病的发生，表明生活方式的改变可能有利于预防耳鼻喉疾病。
