Abstract：
：Land management strategies often prioritize agricultural supply services at the expense of other ecosystem services. To achieve a high and steady supply of multiple ecosystem services, it is essential to optimize land management practices in areas suitable for agriculture. However, many studies on land management tend to focus on their benefits to ecosystem service delivery without adequately considering the potential risks to other services that might be involved. Here we use modern portfolio theory to quantitatively measure benefits and risks from land management strategies to enhance ecosystem services. We create seven land management scenarios that balance different kinds of ecosystem services in different ways in the agricultural production area of Maoming, Guangdong Province, China. The method yielded optimal portfolios of land management patterns that enhanced ecosystem services while reducing risk as much as possible. This includes a scenario delivering a 22% increase in agricultural production service, while simultaneously increasing the provision of nature-related ecosystem services by 2%. However, no optimization scenario was perfect, and there was always a trade-off between gaining certain ecosystem service benefits and creating a risk of losing others. Our portfolio theory approach reveals that it is essential to consider both the benefits and risks of land management strategies.
摘要：
土地管理策略通常优先考虑农业供应服务，而牺牲其他生态系统服务。实现多种生态系统服务的高、稳供给,在适合农业的地区优化土地管理做法至关重要。然而,许多关于土地管理的研究往往侧重于它们对生态系统服务交付的好处，而没有充分考虑可能涉及的其他服务的潜在风险。在这里，我们使用现代投资组合理论来定量衡量土地管理策略的收益和风险，以增强生态系统服务。我们创建了七个土地管理情景，以不同的方式在茂名的农业产区平衡不同的生态系统服务，广东省,中国。该方法产生了最佳的土地管理模式组合，可增强生态系统服务，同时尽可能降低风险。这包括农业生产服务增加22%的方案，同时将与自然有关的生态系统服务的提供增加2％。然而,没有一个优化方案是完美的，在获得某些生态系统服务利益和创造失去其他利益的风险之间总是存在权衡。我们的投资组合理论方法表明，必须同时考虑土地管理策略的收益和风险。
