PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Our objective was to convene interdisciplinary experts from government, academia, and industry to develop a Research Roadmap to identify research priorities about processed food intake and risk for obesity and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) among United States populations. We convened attendees at various career stages with diverse viewpoints in the field. We held a \"Food Processing Primer\" to build foundational knowledge of how and why foods are processed, followed by presentations about how processed foods may affect energy intake, obesity, and CMD risk. Breakout groups discussed potential mechanistic and confounding explanations for associations between processed foods and obesity and CMD risk. Facilitators created research questions (RQs) based on key themes from discussions. Different breakout groups convened to discuss what is known and unknown for each RQ and to develop sub-RQs to address gaps. Workshop attendees focused on ultra-processed foods (UPFs; Nova Group 4) because the preponderance of evidence is based on this classification system. Yet, heterogeneity and subjectivity in UPF classification was a challenge for RQ development. The 6 RQs were: 1) What objective methods or measures could further categorize UPFs, considering food processing, formulation, and the interaction of the two? 2) How can exposure assessment of UPF intake be improved? 3) Does UPF intake influence risk for obesity or CMDs, independent of diet quality? 4) What, if any, attributes of UPFs influence ingestive behavior and contribute to excess energy intake? 5) What, if any, attributes of UPFs contribute to clinically meaningful metabolic responses? 6) What, if any, external environmental factors lead people to consume high amounts of UPFs? Uncertainty and complexity around UPF intake warrant further complementary and interdisciplinary causal, mechanistic, and methodological research related to obesity and CMD risk to understand the utility of applying classification by degree of processing to foods in the United States.
摘要：
我们的目标是召集政府的跨学科专家，学术界,和行业制定研究路线图，以确定美国人群中有关加工食品摄入量以及肥胖和心脏代谢疾病（CMD）风险的研究重点。我们召集了不同职业阶段的与会者，他们在该领域有不同的观点。我们举办了“食品加工入门”，以建立有关食品加工方式和原因的基础知识，接下来是关于加工食品如何影响能量摄入的介绍，肥胖和CMD风险。突破小组讨论了加工食品与肥胖和CMD风险之间关联的潜在机制和混杂解释。主持人根据讨论中的关键主题创建了研究问题（RQ）。不同的突破小组召开会议，讨论每个RQ的已知和未知内容，并制定子RQ以弥补差距。研讨会与会者集中在超加工食品（UPFs;NovaGroup4），因为证据的优势是基于这个系统。然而，UPF分类中的异质性和主观性是RQ开发的挑战。这六个指标是：1)哪些客观方法或措施可以进一步对UPFs进行分类，考虑到食品加工，配方，以及两者的相互作用？2）我们如何改善UPF摄入量的暴露评估？3）UPF摄入量是否会影响肥胖或CMD的风险，与饮食质量无关？4)什么，如果有的话,UPFs的属性影响摄取行为，并导致过量能量摄入？5)什么，如果有的话,UPFs的属性有助于临床上有意义的代谢反应？6)什么，如果有的话,外部环境因素导致人们消耗大量的UPFs？围绕UPF摄入的不确定性和复杂性保证了进一步的互补和跨学科因果关系，机械学,以及与肥胖和CMD风险相关的方法学研究，以了解将这种分类应用于美国食品的实用性。
