Abstract：
Dermal exposure to chemicals released from daily consumer products is a rising concern, particularly for children who are susceptible to unintentional hand-to-mouth transfer and related chemical exposure risk. However, chemical transfer induced by tiny particles of intact products has yet to be adequately addressed. The objective of the present study was to determine the potentiality of particles release from intact erasers and pen grips upon dermal contact by measuring the migration rates of the embedded plasticizers (phthalates and its alternatives). The results showed that billions of particles were released from erasers (0.6-1.2 × 109) and pen grips (0.2-1.6 × 108) upon dermal contact at ambient temperature, with sizes mainly smaller than 1 μm. The composition of eraser leachates was identical to that of the corresponding bulk eraser, as confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis. Migrated hydrophobic plasticizers may be used as indicators of particle release from erasers and pen grips. The potentiality of particle release was negatively correlated with the total plasticizer contents (r = -0.51; p < 0.05) for both erasers and pen grips. These findings indicated that particles directly released from school supplies and accessories could be a non-negligible source of human exposure to plasticizers.
摘要：
皮肤接触日常消费品中释放的化学物质越来越令人担忧，特别是对于那些易受无意的手口转移和相关化学品暴露风险的儿童。然而,由完整产品的微小颗粒引起的化学转移尚未得到充分解决。本研究的目的是通过测量嵌入的增塑剂（邻苯二甲酸酯及其替代品）的迁移率，确定皮肤接触时从完整的橡皮擦和笔握中释放颗粒的潜力。结果表明，在环境温度下皮肤接触时，橡皮擦（0.6-1.2×109）和笔柄（0.2-1.6×108）释放出数十亿个颗粒，尺寸主要小于1μm。橡皮擦渗滤液的成分与相应的散装橡皮擦的成分相同，通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和热解证实。迁移的疏水性增塑剂可用作从橡皮擦和笔柄释放颗粒的指示剂。对于橡皮擦和笔柄，颗粒释放的潜力与总增塑剂含量呈负相关（r=-0.51；p<0.05）。这些发现表明，从学校用品和配件中直接释放的颗粒可能是人体暴露于增塑剂的不可忽视的来源。
