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Abstract：
The widespread occurrence of anti-malarial drug resistance threatens the current efforts to control malaria in African regions. Molecular marker surveillance helps to track the emergence and spread of drug-resistant malaria cases.
A total of 237 Plasmodium falciparum infections imported from central Africa to Zhejiang Province, China, between 2016 and 2021, were investigated. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of each patient and nested PCRs was used to detect molecular markers in k13, Pfcrt, and Pfmdr1 genes. The spatial and temporal distributions of the molecular markers were analyzed.
A limited polymorphism of k13 was observed, including two nonsynonymous (D464E and K503E) and five synonymous mutations. Wild-type CVMNK of Pfcrt predominated (78.5%), whereas 19.5% of the samples harbored the mutant haplotype, CVIET. The point mutation Y184F and the single mutant haplotype NF of Pfmdr1 were the most frequently observed. The geographical distributions of the Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 haplotypes displayed distinct patterns, with the mutant haplotype of Pfcrt more common in Gabon (53.9%) and Congo (50.0%), and wild haplotypes of Pfmdr1 more frequently found in Cameroon, Angola, and Congo. The prevalence of wild-type CVMNK of Pfcrt increased from 68.5-74.6% in 2016-2017 to 81.8-87.5% in 2018-2021. The proportion of wild-type Pfmdr1 also increased from 27.1% in 2016 to 38.5% in 2019.
The geographical and temporal distribution of k13, Pfcrt, and Pfmdr1 polymorphisms in P. falciparum parasites imported from central Africa between 2016 and 2021 are demonstrated. Our data provide updated evidence that can be used to adjust anti-malarial drug policies in central Africa and China.
A total of 237 Plasmodium falciparum infections imported from central Africa to Zhejiang Province, China, between 2016 and 2021, were investigated. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of each patient and nested PCRs was used to detect molecular markers in k13, Pfcrt, and Pfmdr1 genes. The spatial and temporal distributions of the molecular markers were analyzed.
A limited polymorphism of k13 was observed, including two nonsynonymous (D464E and K503E) and five synonymous mutations. Wild-type CVMNK of Pfcrt predominated (78.5%), whereas 19.5% of the samples harbored the mutant haplotype, CVIET. The point mutation Y184F and the single mutant haplotype NF of Pfmdr1 were the most frequently observed. The geographical distributions of the Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 haplotypes displayed distinct patterns, with the mutant haplotype of Pfcrt more common in Gabon (53.9%) and Congo (50.0%), and wild haplotypes of Pfmdr1 more frequently found in Cameroon, Angola, and Congo. The prevalence of wild-type CVMNK of Pfcrt increased from 68.5-74.6% in 2016-2017 to 81.8-87.5% in 2018-2021. The proportion of wild-type Pfmdr1 also increased from 27.1% in 2016 to 38.5% in 2019.
The geographical and temporal distribution of k13, Pfcrt, and Pfmdr1 polymorphisms in P. falciparum parasites imported from central Africa between 2016 and 2021 are demonstrated. Our data provide updated evidence that can be used to adjust anti-malarial drug policies in central Africa and China.
摘要：
■抗疟疾药物耐药性的广泛发生威胁到非洲地区目前控制疟疾的努力。分子标记物监测有助于追踪耐药疟疾病例的出现和传播。
■从非洲中部输入浙江省的恶性疟原虫感染共237例，中国,在2016年至2021年之间，进行了调查。从每个患者的血液样本中提取基因组DNA，并使用巢式PCR检测k13，Pfcrt，和Pfmdr1基因。分析了分子标记的时空分布。
■观察到k13的有限多态性，包括两个非同义突变（D464E和K503E）和五个同义突变。Pfcrt的野生型CVMNK占主导地位（78.5%），而19.5%的样本含有突变单倍型，CVIET.Pfmdr1的点突变Y184F和单突变单倍型NF是最常见的。Pfcrt和Pfmdr1单倍型的地理分布显示出不同的模式，Pfcrt突变单倍型在加蓬(53.9%)和刚果(50.0%)更为常见，以及在喀麦隆更常见的Pfmdr1的野生单倍型，安哥拉,刚果。Pfcrt野生型CVMNK的患病率从2016-2017年的68.5-74.6%增加到2018-2021年的81.8-87.5%。野生型Pfmdr1的比例也从2016年的27.1%上升到2019年的38.5%。
■k13，Pfcrt，并证明了2016年至2021年间从中部非洲进口的恶性疟原虫寄生虫中的Pfmdr1多态性。我们的数据提供了最新证据，可用于调整中非和中国的抗疟疾药物政策。
■从非洲中部输入浙江省的恶性疟原虫感染共237例，中国,在2016年至2021年之间，进行了调查。从每个患者的血液样本中提取基因组DNA，并使用巢式PCR检测k13，Pfcrt，和Pfmdr1基因。分析了分子标记的时空分布。
■观察到k13的有限多态性，包括两个非同义突变（D464E和K503E）和五个同义突变。Pfcrt的野生型CVMNK占主导地位（78.5%），而19.5%的样本含有突变单倍型，CVIET.Pfmdr1的点突变Y184F和单突变单倍型NF是最常见的。Pfcrt和Pfmdr1单倍型的地理分布显示出不同的模式，Pfcrt突变单倍型在加蓬(53.9%)和刚果(50.0%)更为常见，以及在喀麦隆更常见的Pfmdr1的野生单倍型，安哥拉,刚果。Pfcrt野生型CVMNK的患病率从2016-2017年的68.5-74.6%增加到2018-2021年的81.8-87.5%。野生型Pfmdr1的比例也从2016年的27.1%上升到2019年的38.5%。
■k13，Pfcrt，并证明了2016年至2021年间从中部非洲进口的恶性疟原虫寄生虫中的Pfmdr1多态性。我们的数据提供了最新证据，可用于调整中非和中国的抗疟疾药物政策。
