Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: This review presents an overview of field findings on sequence variation of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich proteins 2/3 (PfHRP2/3) for which reference types (1-24) have been identified, and its critical impact on PfHRP2-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) detection.
UNASSIGNED: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022316027, and conducted as per the PRISMA guidelines, and the methodological quality of studies was assessed.
UNASSIGNED: Of the 2184 records identified, 34 studies were included mostly from Africa (47.1%) and Asia (35.3%). The reference PfHRP2 types 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7 are invariably found at proportions ≥ 80-100% in all areas with the exception of The Americas where their proportion is very low. The proteins exhibited high diversity of variants/unknown types, especially for types 1, 2, 4, and 7. Eleven major PfHRP2 epitopes were found at pooled proportion > 90%. The existing models to predict RDT detection are greatly limited by the impact of factors such as low (very low) parasitemia, RDT brand, and PfHRP3 cross-reactivity. PfHRP2 length and presence/number of a given reference repeat type/variant did not seem to impact RDT detection.
UNASSIGNED: PfHRP2/3 are highly polymorphic and current findings are insufficient, conflicting and not convincing enough to conclude on the role of PfHRP2/3 sequence polymorphism in PfHRP2-based RDT detection.
UNASSIGNED: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022316027, and conducted as per the PRISMA guidelines, and the methodological quality of studies was assessed.
UNASSIGNED: Of the 2184 records identified, 34 studies were included mostly from Africa (47.1%) and Asia (35.3%). The reference PfHRP2 types 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7 are invariably found at proportions ≥ 80-100% in all areas with the exception of The Americas where their proportion is very low. The proteins exhibited high diversity of variants/unknown types, especially for types 1, 2, 4, and 7. Eleven major PfHRP2 epitopes were found at pooled proportion > 90%. The existing models to predict RDT detection are greatly limited by the impact of factors such as low (very low) parasitemia, RDT brand, and PfHRP3 cross-reactivity. PfHRP2 length and presence/number of a given reference repeat type/variant did not seem to impact RDT detection.
UNASSIGNED: PfHRP2/3 are highly polymorphic and current findings are insufficient, conflicting and not convincing enough to conclude on the role of PfHRP2/3 sequence polymorphism in PfHRP2-based RDT detection.
摘要：
■。这篇综述概述了有关恶性疟原虫富含组氨酸的蛋白2/3（PfHRP2/3）的序列变异的现场发现，已确定了参考类型（1至24）。及其对基于PfHRP2的快速诊断测试（RDT）检测的关键影响。
■这项系统评价和荟萃分析在PROSPERO注册，CRD42022316027，并按照PRISMA指南进行，并对研究的方法学质量进行了评估。
■在确定的2184条记录中，34项研究主要来自非洲（47.1%）和亚洲（35.3%）。参考PfHRP2类型1、2、3、6和7在所有地区中总是以≥80-100％的比例发现，美洲除外，它们的比例非常低。这些蛋白质表现出高度多样性的变异/未知类型，特别是类型1，2，4和7。发现11个主要PfHRP2表位的合并比例>90%。现有的预测RDT检测的模型受到低（非常低）寄生虫血症等因素的影响，RDT品牌,和PfHRP3交叉反应性。给定参考重复类型/变体的PfHRP2长度和存在/数量似乎不影响RDT检测。
■PfHRP2/3是高度多态的，目前的研究结果不足，矛盾且没有足够令人信服的结论PfHRP2/3序列多态性在基于PfHRP2的RDT检测中的作用。
■这项系统评价和荟萃分析在PROSPERO注册，CRD42022316027，并按照PRISMA指南进行，并对研究的方法学质量进行了评估。
■在确定的2184条记录中，34项研究主要来自非洲（47.1%）和亚洲（35.3%）。参考PfHRP2类型1、2、3、6和7在所有地区中总是以≥80-100％的比例发现，美洲除外，它们的比例非常低。这些蛋白质表现出高度多样性的变异/未知类型，特别是类型1，2，4和7。发现11个主要PfHRP2表位的合并比例>90%。现有的预测RDT检测的模型受到低（非常低）寄生虫血症等因素的影响，RDT品牌,和PfHRP3交叉反应性。给定参考重复类型/变体的PfHRP2长度和存在/数量似乎不影响RDT检测。
■PfHRP2/3是高度多态的，目前的研究结果不足，矛盾且没有足够令人信服的结论PfHRP2/3序列多态性在基于PfHRP2的RDT检测中的作用。
