Abstract：
Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere caused by human activities are the main cause of climate warming. Global warming is a severe challenge confronted by human society today. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing carbon sinks are the keys to addressing climate warming. Biochar addition is considered to be a promising way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon sinks, due to its unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the effects of biochar on soil greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the greenhouse effect and achieve \"carbon neutrality.\" The long-term and short-term effects of biochar on soil greenhouse gas emissions and their influencing mechanism were reviewed. It was found that the effects of biochar on soil greenhouse gas emissions varied with the types of biochar feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, application ratio, and soil and vegetable types. In addition, due to the different aging times and modes and cultivation methods, the mitigation effect of aged biochar on soil greenhouse gas could be enhanced or weakened or even disappeared. Further, based on the deficiencies of the previous research, the direction and focus of future research on the effects of biochar on soil greenhouse gas emissions were analyzed and prospected. It was proposed to strengthen simultaneous research on the effects of biochar on CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions; reducing greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration; different aging modes and cultivation methods of biochar; and revealing the influencing mechanism at the process level, through exploring the effects of biochar on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics and tracing the source of greenhouse gases using 13C and 15N tracer technology.
摘要：
人类活动引起的大气中温室气体浓度增加是气候变暖的主要原因。全球变暖是当今人类社会面临的严峻挑战。减少温室气体排放和增加碳汇是解决气候变暖的关键。添加生物炭被认为是减少温室气体排放和增加碳汇的有希望的方法，由于其独特的物理，化学,和生物学特性。因此,研究生物炭对土壤温室气体排放的影响对缓解温室效应、实现“碳中和”具有重要意义。综述了生物炭对土壤温室气体排放的长期和短期效应及其影响机制。研究发现，生物炭对土壤温室气体排放的影响随生物炭原料的类型而变化。热解温度,应用比例，土壤和蔬菜类型。此外,由于老化时间、模式和栽培方法的不同，老化生物炭对土壤温室气体的缓解作用可以增强或减弱，甚至消失。Further,基于前人研究的不足,对生物炭对土壤温室气体排放影响的研究方向和重点进行了分析和展望。建议加强生物炭对CO2、N2O、和CH4排放；减少温室气体排放和碳固存；生物炭的不同老化模式和培养方法；并揭示了过程水平的影响机理，通过探索生物炭对土壤碳和氮动态的影响，并利用13C和15N示踪技术追踪温室气体的来源。
