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Abstract：
Breast cancer is a molecularly heterogeneous disease and the most common female malignancy. In recent years, therapy approaches have evolved to accommodate molecular diversity, with a focus on more biologically based therapies to minimize negative consequences. To regulate cell fate in human breast cells, the Hippo signaling pathway has been associated with the alpha subtype of estrogen receptors. This pathway regulates tissue size, regeneration, and healing, as well as the survival of tissue-specific stem cells, proliferation, and apoptosis in a variety of organs, allowing for cell differentiation. Hippo signaling is mediated by the kinases MST1, MST2, LATS1, and LATS2, as well as the adaptor proteins SAV1 and MOB. These kinases phosphorylate the downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway, yes-associated protein (YAP), and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), suppressing the expression of their downstream target genes. The Hippo signaling pathway kinase cascade plays a significant role in all cancers. Understanding the principles of this kinase cascade would prevent the occurrence of breast cancer. In recent years, small noncoding RNAs, or microRNAs, have been implicated in the development of several malignancies, including breast cancer. The interconnections between miRNAs and Hippo signaling pathway core proteins in the breast, on the other hand, remain poorly understood. In this review, we focused on highlighting the Hippo signaling system, its key parts, its importance in breast cancer, and its regulation by miRNAs and other related pathways.
摘要：
乳腺癌是一种分子异质性疾病，也是最常见的女性恶性肿瘤。近年来,治疗方法已经发展到适应分子多样性，专注于更多基于生物的治疗，以最大限度地减少负面影响。为了调节人类乳腺细胞的细胞命运，Hippo信号通路与雌激素受体的α亚型有关。这个通路调节组织大小,再生,和愈合，以及组织特异性干细胞的存活，扩散,以及各种器官的细胞凋亡，允许细胞分化。Hippo信号传导由激酶MST1，MST2，LATS1和LATS2以及衔接蛋白SAV1和MOB介导。这些激酶磷酸化Hippo途径的下游效应子，Yes相关蛋白（YAP），和具有PDZ结合基序（TAZ）的转录共激活因子，抑制其下游靶基因的表达。Hippo信号通路激酶级联在所有癌症中起重要作用。了解这种激酶级联的原理将防止乳腺癌的发生。近年来,小的非编码RNA，或者microRNA，与几种恶性肿瘤的发展有关，包括乳腺癌.乳腺中miRNAs与Hippo信号通路核心蛋白的相互联系,另一方面,仍然知之甚少。在这次审查中,我们专注于强调河马信号系统，它的关键部分，它在乳腺癌中的重要性，及其通过miRNAs和其他相关途径的调节。
