Abstract：
As one of the most destructive nature hazards, hurricane-induced flooding generates serious adverse impacts on populations, infrastructure, and the environment globally. In urban areas, complex characteristics such as high population and infrastructure densities increase flood disaster risks. Consequently, the assessment of flood risks is becoming increasingly important for understanding potential impacts on an urban area and proposing disaster risk mitigation strategies. After conducting a comprehensive literature review, this study finds that most urban flood risk assessments often overlook urban ecosystem elements, focusing more on social and economic aspects. Hence, the role of urban ecosystems cannot be fully understood. To address this gap, this study proposes a social-ecological systems (SES) flood risk assessment framework for urban areas. Based on this framework, a comprehensive list of indicators collected through a literature review is provided for urban flood risk assessments. A comparative study of flood risk during Hurricane Harvey (2017) in Houston, Texas, USA, is carried out using the improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) weighting method and the equal weighting method for indicator weighting. Results are then compared with the damage data of Hurricane Harvey published by the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The analysis identifies that the western part of Houston had the highest flood risks, while the center of Houston was at lower flood risk. Comparisons between the results from the IAHP and equal weighting methods show that the latter produces a broader range of high flood risk areas than the former. This study also highlights the role of urban ecosystems in mitigating flood risks and advocates for more holistic, social-ecological assessments of flood risk. Such assessments could utilize the proposed framework and the indicator list but contextualize these to the specific urban area\'s contexts being investigated.
摘要：
作为最具破坏性的自然灾害之一，飓风引发的洪水对人口产生了严重的不利影响，基础设施,和全球环境。在城市地区,高人口和基础设施密度等复杂特征增加了洪水灾害风险。因此,洪水风险评估对于了解对城市地区的潜在影响和提出减灾战略变得越来越重要。在进行了全面的文献综述后，这项研究发现，大多数城市洪水风险评估往往忽略了城市生态系统要素，更加注重社会和经济方面。因此，不能完全理解城市生态系统的作用。为了解决这个差距，这项研究提出了城市地区的社会生态系统（SES）洪水风险评估框架。基于这个框架,提供了通过文献综述收集的全面指标清单，用于城市洪水风险评估。休斯顿飓风哈维（2017）期间洪水风险的比较研究，德州,美国,采用改进的层次分析法(IAHP)加权法和等权重法进行指标加权。然后将结果与美国联邦紧急事务管理局（FEMA）发布的哈维飓风的破坏数据进行比较。分析发现，休斯顿西部的洪水风险最高，而休斯顿市中心的洪水风险较低。IAHP和等权重方法的结果之间的比较表明，后者比前者产生的高洪水风险区域范围更广。这项研究还强调了城市生态系统在减轻洪水风险方面的作用，并倡导更全面，洪水风险的社会生态评估。此类评估可以利用拟议的框架和指标列表，但将其与正在调查的特定城市地区的背景联系起来。
