PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in tumor microenvironment-associated cancer vaccine therapies. These innovative treatments aim to activate and enhance the body\'s natural immune response against cancer cells by utilizing specific antigens present in the tumor microenvironment. The goal is to achieve a complete clinical response, where all measurable cancer cells are either eliminated or greatly reduced in size. With their potential to revolutionize cancer treatment, these therapies represent a promising avenue for researchers and clinicians alike. Despite over 100 years of research, the success of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been variable, particularly in advanced cancer patients, with various limitations, including the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, the presence of immunosuppressive cells, and the potential for tumor escape mechanisms. Additionally, the effectiveness of these therapies may be limited by the variability of the patient\'s immune system response and the difficulty in identifying appropriate antigens for each patient. Despite these challenges, tumor microenvironment-targeted vaccine cancer therapies have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies and have the potential to become a valuable addition to current cancer treatment and \"curative\" options. While chemotherapeutic and monoclonal antibody treatments remain popular, ongoing research is needed to optimize the design and delivery of these therapies and to identify biomarkers that can predict response and guide patient selection. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of cancer vaccines, various delivery methods, and the role of adjuvants in improving treatment outcomes. It also discusses the historical background of cancer vaccine research and examines the current state of major cancer vaccination immunotherapies. Furthermore, the limitations and effectiveness of each vaccine type are analyzed, providing insights into the future of cancer vaccine development.
摘要：
近年来,对肿瘤微环境相关癌症疫苗治疗的兴趣激增.这些创新的治疗方法旨在通过利用肿瘤微环境中存在的特定抗原来激活和增强人体对癌细胞的天然免疫反应。目标是实现完整的临床反应，所有可测量的癌细胞要么被消除，要么被大大减小。凭借他们彻底改变癌症治疗的潜力，这些疗法对研究人员和临床医生来说都是一个有希望的途径.尽管有100多年的研究,治疗性癌症疫苗的成功是可变的，特别是晚期癌症患者，有各种限制，包括肿瘤微环境的异质性，免疫抑制细胞的存在，以及肿瘤逃逸机制的潜力。此外,这些疗法的有效性可能受到患者免疫系统反应的可变性和难以为每位患者确定合适抗原的限制。尽管面临这些挑战,肿瘤微环境靶向疫苗癌症治疗已在临床前和临床研究中显示出有希望的结果，并有可能成为当前癌症治疗和“治愈”选择的有价值的补充。虽然化疗和单克隆抗体治疗仍然很受欢迎，需要持续的研究来优化这些疗法的设计和实施,并确定能够预测疗效和指导患者选择的生物标志物.这篇全面的综述探讨了癌症疫苗的机制，各种交付方式，以及佐剂在改善治疗结果中的作用。它还讨论了癌症疫苗研究的历史背景，并检查了主要癌症疫苗免疫疗法的现状。此外，分析了每种疫苗的局限性和有效性，提供对癌症疫苗开发未来的见解。
