Abstract：
Agriculture will face the issue of ensuring food security for a growing global population without compromising environmental security as demand for the world\'s food systems increases in the next decades. To provide enough food and reduce the harmful effects of chemical fertilization and improper disposal or reusing of agricultural wastes on the environment, will be required to apply current technologies in agroecosystems. Combining biotechnology and nanotechnology has the potential to transform agricultural practices and offer answers to both immediate and long-term issues. This review study seeks to identify, categorize, and characterize the so-called smart fertilizers as the future frontier of sustainable agriculture. The conventional fertilizer and smart fertilizers in general are covered in the first section of this review. Another key barrier preventing the widespread use of smart fertilizers in agriculture is the high cost of materials. Nevertheless, smart fertilizers are widely represented on the world market and are actively used in farms that have already switched to sustainable technologies. The advantages and disadvantages of various raw materials used to create smart fertilizers, with a focus on inorganic and organic materials, synthetic and natural polymers, along with their physical and chemical preparation processes, are contrasted in the following sections. The rate and the mechanism of release are covered. The purpose of this study is to provide a deep understanding of the advancements in smart fertilizers during the last ten years. Trends are also recognized and studied to provide insight for upcoming agricultural research projects.
摘要：
随着未来几十年对世界粮食系统的需求增加，农业将面临确保不断增长的全球人口粮食安全而不损害环境安全的问题。提供足够的食物，减少化学肥料和不当处理或再利用农业废物对环境的有害影响，将被要求在农业生态系统中应用当前的技术。生物技术和纳米技术的结合有可能改变农业实践，并为当前和长期问题提供答案。这项综述研究旨在确定，归类,并将所谓的智能肥料描述为可持续农业的未来前沿。本综述的第一部分涵盖了常规肥料和一般的智能肥料。阻碍智能肥料在农业中广泛使用的另一个关键障碍是材料成本高。然而，智能肥料在世界市场上具有广泛的代表性，并在已经转向可持续技术的农场中积极使用。用于制造智能肥料的各种原材料的优缺点，专注于无机和有机材料，合成和天然聚合物，随着它们的物理和化学制备过程，在以下各节中进行了对比。涵盖了释放的速率和机理。这项研究的目的是深入了解过去十年中智能肥料的进步。趋势也得到认可和研究，为即将到来的农业研究项目提供见解。
