Abstract：
Microplastics (MPs) are typically produced via environmental degradation of larger plastics, where they enter the human food chain. MPs are complex materials containing chemical and physical characteristics that can potentially affect their hazard and exposure. These physical properties can be altered by environmental exposure potentially altering any risk assessment conducted on the primary material. We conducted a literature review using an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP)-based approach from Molecular Initiating Event (MIE) to cell effect event to identify multiple knowledge gaps that affect MPs hazard assessment. There is some convergence of key biological events but could relate to most lying along well-established biological effector pathways such as apoptosis which can respond to many MIEs. In contrast, MIEs of chemicals will be via protein interaction. As MPs may occur in the lumen of the alimentary canal for example to the mucus, therefore, not requiring translocation of MPs across the epithelial membrane. At the other end of the AOP, currently it is not possible to identify a single adverse outcome at the organ level. This work did establish a clear need to understand both external and internal exposure (resulting from translocation) and develop hazard data at both levels to inform on risk assessments.
摘要：
微塑料（MP）通常是通过较大塑料的环境降解来生产的，他们进入人类食物链。MPs是含有可能影响其危害和暴露的化学和物理特性的复杂材料。这些物理性质可以通过环境暴露来改变,潜在地改变对主要材料进行的任何风险评估。我们使用基于从分子引发事件（MIE）到细胞效应事件的不良结果路径（AOP）的方法进行了文献综述，以确定影响MPs危害评估的多种知识差距。关键生物事件有一些收敛，但可能与大多数成熟的生物效应子途径有关，例如可以响应许多MIE的细胞凋亡。相比之下,化学品MIE将通过蛋白质相互作用MIE。由于MP可能发生在消化道的内腔中，例如粘液，因此,不需要MPs跨上皮膜易位。在AOP的另一端，目前尚不可能在器官水平上确定单一的不良结果.这项工作确实明确需要了解外部和内部暴露（由易位引起），并在两个级别上开发危险数据，以提供风险评估信息。
