Abstract：
Rodent pests not only cause severe agricultural loss but also spread zoonotic pathogens to human beings. Anticoagulant rodenticides are widely used to decrease the population densities of rodents but often lead to the spillover of ectoparasites because fleas and ticks may gather on surviving rodents. Therefore, it is necessary to kill fleas and ticks before culling rodents to minimize the risk of pathogen transmission. In this study, we used a mixture of ivermectin (an antiparasitic drug) and bromadiolone (an anticoagulant rodenticide) to control both rodent and flea/tick abundances. We found that in a laboratory test, 0.01% ivermectin bait was not lethal for greater long-tailed hamsters after 7 days of treatment, while 0.1% ivermectin bait was lethal for approximately 33% of treated rodents. In a field test, bait containing 0.001%, 0.005%, 0.01%, and 0.05% ivermectin decreased the number of fleas per vole of Brandt\'s voles to 0.42, 0.22, 0.12, and 0.2, respectively, compared with 0.77 in the control group, indicating that 0.01% ivermectin bait performed best in removing fleas. In another laboratory test, bait containing a 0.01% ivermectin and 0.005% bromadiolone mixture caused the death of all voles within 6-14 days after the intake of the bait. In the field test, the bait containing 0.01% ivermectin and 0.005% bromadiolone reduced the average number of fleas per vole to 0.35, which was significantly lower than the 0.77 of the control group. Our results indicate that a 0.01% ivermectin and 0.005% bromadiolone mixture could be used to control both rodents and fleas to minimize the spillover risk of disease transmission when using traditional rodenticides.
摘要：
啮齿动物害虫不仅造成严重的农业损失，而且还将人畜共患病原体传播给人类。抗凝血杀鼠剂被广泛用于降低啮齿动物的种群密度，但通常会导致外寄生虫的溢出，因为跳蚤和蜱可能会聚集在幸存的啮齿动物身上。因此,在扑杀啮齿动物之前，有必要杀死跳蚤和蜱，以尽量减少病原体传播的风险。在这项研究中,我们使用伊维菌素（一种抗寄生虫药物）和溴敌隆（一种抗凝血杀鼠剂）的混合物来控制啮齿动物和跳蚤/蜱的丰度。我们在实验室测试中发现，0.01%伊维菌素诱饵对较大的长尾仓鼠治疗7天后并不致命，而0.1％的伊维菌素诱饵对大约33％的治疗啮齿动物是致命的。在现场测试中，含0.001%的诱饵，0.005%,0.01%,和0.05％伊维菌素将勃兰特田鼠的跳蚤数量分别减少到0.42、0.22、0.12和0.2，与对照组的0.77相比，表明0.01％伊维菌素诱饵在去除跳蚤方面效果最好。在另一个实验室测试中，含有0.01％伊维菌素和0.005％溴敌隆混合物的诱饵在摄入诱饵后6-14天内导致所有田鼠死亡。在现场测试中，含有0.01％伊维菌素和0.005％溴敌隆的诱饵使每只田鼠的平均跳蚤数量减少到0.35，显着低于对照组的0.77。我们的结果表明，使用传统杀鼠剂时，可使用0.01％的伊维菌素和0.005％的溴敌隆混合物来控制啮齿动物和跳蚤，以最大程度地减少疾病传播的溢出风险。
