Abstract：
Developing efficient and affordable electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a significant barrier that needs to be overcome for the practical applications of hydrogen production via water electrolysis, transforming CO2 to value-added chemicals, and metal-air batteries. Recently, hydroxides have shown promise as electrocatalysts for OER. In situ or operando techniques are particularly indispensable for monitoring the key intermediates together with understanding the reaction process, which is extremely important for revealing the formation/OER catalytic mechanism of hydroxides and preparing cost-effective electrocatalysts for OER. However, there is a lack of comprehensive discussion on the current status and challenges of studying these mechanisms using in situ or operando techniques, which hinders our ability to identify and address the obstacles present in this field. This review offers an overview of in situ or operando techniques, outlining their capabilities, advantages, and disadvantages. Recent findings related to the formation mechanism and OER catalytic mechanism of hydroxides revealed by in situ or operando techniques are also discussed in detail. Additionally, some current challenges in this field are concluded and appropriate solution strategies are provided.
摘要：
为缓慢的析氧反应（OER）开发有效且负担得起的电催化剂仍然是通过水电解制氢的实际应用需要克服的重要障碍。将二氧化碳转化为增值化学品，和金属空气电池。最近,氢氧化物已显示出有望作为OER的电催化剂。原位或操作技术对于监测关键中间体以及了解反应过程尤其不可或缺。这对于揭示氢氧化物的形成/OER催化机理和制备具有成本效益的OER电催化剂极为重要。然而,缺乏对使用原位或操作技术研究这些机制的现状和挑战的全面讨论，这阻碍了我们识别和解决这一领域存在的障碍的能力。这篇综述概述了原位或操作技术，概述他们的能力，优势,和缺点。还详细讨论了通过原位或操作技术揭示的与氢氧化物的形成机理和OER催化机理有关的最新发现。此外,总结了该领域当前的一些挑战，并提供了适当的解决方案。
