Abstract：
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a conserved group of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and play a crucial role in inducing the broadly acting innate immune response against pathogens. In recent years, the detection of 21 different TLR types in various fish species has sparked interest in exploring the potential of TLRs as targets for boosting immunity and disease resistance in fish. This comprehensive review offers the latest insights into the diverse facets of fish TLRs, highlighting their history, classification, architectural insights through 3D modelling, ligands recognition, signalling pathways, crosstalk, and expression patterns at various developmental stages. It provides an exhaustive account of the distinct TLRs induced during the invasion of specific pathogens in various fish species and delves into the disparities between fish TLRs and their mammalian counterparts, highlighting the specific contribution of TLRs to the immune response in fish. Although various facets of TLRs in some fish, shellfish, and molluscs have been described, the role of TLRs in several other aquatic organisms still remained as potential gaps. Overall, this article outlines frontier aquaculture research in advancing the knowledge of fish immune systems for the proper management of piscine maladies.
摘要：
Toll样受体（TLR）代表一组保守的种系编码模式识别受体（PRR），可识别病原体相关分子模式（PAMP），并在诱导针对病原体的广泛作用的先天免疫应答中起关键作用。近年来,在各种鱼类中检测到21种不同的TLR类型，引起了人们对探索TLR作为增强鱼类免疫力和抗病能力的潜在目标的兴趣。这篇全面的综述提供了对鱼类TLRs不同方面的最新见解，突出他们的历史，分类，通过3D建模的建筑见解，配体识别，信号通路，串扰,和不同发育阶段的表达模式。它详尽地说明了在各种鱼类物种中特定病原体入侵期间诱导的不同TLRs，并深入研究了鱼类TLRs与其哺乳动物对应物之间的差异。强调TLRs对鱼类免疫反应的具体贡献。尽管在某些鱼类中TLRs的各个方面，贝类,软体动物已经被描述过，TLRs在其他几种水生生物中的作用仍然存在潜在差距。总的来说,本文概述了在提高鱼类免疫系统知识以正确管理鱼类疾病方面的前沿水产养殖研究。
