Abstract：
Allergies are a major health issue. Allergen avoidance, antihistamines, and corticosteroids do not treat the pathology\'s causes, therefore long-term therapy is essential. Long-term allergen-specific immunotherapy builds immune tolerance to the allergen. Unfortunately, immunotherapies for all allergens are not available, and adverse reactions during therapy, especially in severely allergic persons, remain a worry. In this regard, cell and bio- or nanomaterial-based allergy treatments are promising. This overview covers the most important tactics from these two strategies with examples. Nanotechnology encompasses science, engineering, and technology at 1-100 nm. Due to their one-of-a-kind characteristics, nanomaterials can be used in healthcare. Small molecules\' chemical and physical properties are modified by the system\'s size, shape, content, and function. Toxicity and hypersensitivity reactions need to be evaluated. Regulating the physico-chemical properties of numerous accessible structures would make clinical diagnosis and therapy safer and more successful. Dendrimeric antigens, nanoallergens, and nanoparticles can mimic carrier proteins, boost specific IgE binding, and improve signal detection in allergy diagnosis. In immunotherapy, several allergenic structures like glycodendrimers, liposomes, polymers, and nanoparticles have been used as adjuvants, protectors, or depots for allergens. Nanotechnology has the potential to substantially improve both the diagnosis and treatment of allergies.
摘要：
过敏是一个主要的健康问题。避免过敏原，抗组胺药,和皮质类固醇不治疗病理\的原因，因此长期治疗是必不可少的。长期过敏原特异性免疫疗法建立对过敏原的免疫耐受。不幸的是,所有过敏原的免疫疗法都不可用，以及治疗期间的不良反应,尤其是严重过敏的人，仍然是一个担忧。在这方面,基于细胞和生物或纳米材料的过敏治疗是有希望的。本概述通过示例涵盖了这两种策略中最重要的策略。纳米技术包括科学，工程,和技术在1-100纳米。由于它们独一无二的特点，纳米材料可用于医疗保健。小分子的化学和物理性质被系统的大小所改变，形状,内容,和功能。需要评估毒性和超敏反应。调节许多可接近结构的物理化学性质将使临床诊断和治疗更安全和更成功。树突状抗原,纳米过敏原，纳米粒子可以模拟载体蛋白，加强特异性IgE结合，改善过敏诊断中的信号检测。在免疫疗法中，几种过敏结构，如树枝状聚合物，脂质体，聚合物，纳米粒子已经被用作佐剂，保护者,或过敏原仓库。纳米技术有可能大大改善过敏的诊断和治疗。
