PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Shifting to online learning during the coronavirus pandemic has increased the number of individuals symptomatic of digital eye strain (DES). This study aimed to determine the frequency and potential risk factors of DES among university staff members and students in this pandemic era.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the pandemic, in May and June 2020. The online questionnaire was designed to collect data on DES-related ocular and extraocular manifestations. The survey was sent via social media to the previous year\'s students and staff within the Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. The responses were downloaded and analyzed.
UNASSIGNED: Of the 412 participants completing the questionnaire, 34 (8.3%) were university staff members with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 36.7 (6.6) years, and 378 (91.7%) were university students with a mean (SD) age of 20.8 (1.8) years. Participants with DES symptoms numbered 294 (71.4%) before the lockdown, increasing to 366 (88.8%) during the last month, with 84 developing new-onset DES. Most participants reported ocular symptoms associated with DES. After the lockdown, both students and staff had a significant prolongation of nighttime digital screen use and TV watching, an increase in the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) severity scale scores, and anxiety and depression, with a reduced duration of daytime reading (all P < 0.05). Students had a significant prolongation of daytime digital screen use and TV watching and an increase in the frequency of eye lubricant use and mean Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-4 scores (all P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that studenthood and increased nighttime screen use were independent risk factors for DES by odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 10.60 (2.12 - 53.00) and 3.99 (1.71 - 9.34), respectively (both P < 0.05).
UNASSIGNED: Lockdown and closure of the university, with a shift to online learning, increased the exposure of staff and students to digital screens and the number of individuals with DES. Studenthood and prolonged nighttime digital screen use were independent risk factors for DES. Further studies investigating the prevalence and risk factors of DES, comparing similar data during and after the pandemic, may reveal other aspects of DES caused by virtual reality-based training.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the pandemic, in May and June 2020. The online questionnaire was designed to collect data on DES-related ocular and extraocular manifestations. The survey was sent via social media to the previous year\'s students and staff within the Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. The responses were downloaded and analyzed.
UNASSIGNED: Of the 412 participants completing the questionnaire, 34 (8.3%) were university staff members with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 36.7 (6.6) years, and 378 (91.7%) were university students with a mean (SD) age of 20.8 (1.8) years. Participants with DES symptoms numbered 294 (71.4%) before the lockdown, increasing to 366 (88.8%) during the last month, with 84 developing new-onset DES. Most participants reported ocular symptoms associated with DES. After the lockdown, both students and staff had a significant prolongation of nighttime digital screen use and TV watching, an increase in the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) severity scale scores, and anxiety and depression, with a reduced duration of daytime reading (all P < 0.05). Students had a significant prolongation of daytime digital screen use and TV watching and an increase in the frequency of eye lubricant use and mean Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-4 scores (all P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that studenthood and increased nighttime screen use were independent risk factors for DES by odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 10.60 (2.12 - 53.00) and 3.99 (1.71 - 9.34), respectively (both P < 0.05).
UNASSIGNED: Lockdown and closure of the university, with a shift to online learning, increased the exposure of staff and students to digital screens and the number of individuals with DES. Studenthood and prolonged nighttime digital screen use were independent risk factors for DES. Further studies investigating the prevalence and risk factors of DES, comparing similar data during and after the pandemic, may reveal other aspects of DES caused by virtual reality-based training.
摘要：
■在冠状病毒大流行期间转向在线学习增加了有数字眼疲劳(DES)症状的个体数量。这项研究旨在确定在这个大流行时代，大学教职员工和学生中DES的频率和潜在风险因素。
■在大流行期间进行了一项横断面在线调查，2020年5月和6月。在线问卷旨在收集有关DES相关的眼部和眼外表现的数据。这项调查是通过社交媒体发送给前一年医学院的学生和教职员工的，坦塔大学,坦塔,埃及。下载并分析答复。
■在完成问卷的412名参与者中，34（8.3％）是大学教职员工，平均年龄（标准差[SD]）为36.7（6.6）岁，378（91.7％）是大学生，平均（SD）年龄为20.8（1.8）岁。在封锁前，有DES症状的参与者人数为294（71.4％），上个月增加到366(88.8%)，84正在开发新的DES。大多数参与者报告了与DES相关的眼部症状。封锁之后,学生和教职员工在夜间使用数字屏幕和看电视方面都有明显的延长，增加4项患者健康问卷（PHQ-4）严重程度量表评分，焦虑和抑郁，白天阅读时间减少（均P<0.05）。学生白天使用数字屏幕和看电视的时间显着延长，使用眼睛润滑剂的频率和平均感知压力量表（PSS）-4得分增加（均P<0.05）。多元logistic回归分析显示，通过比值比（95％置信区间）10.60（2.12-53.00）和3.99（1.71-9.34），(均P<0.05)。
■大学的封锁和关闭，随着向在线学习的转变，增加了工作人员和学生对数字屏幕的接触，以及使用DES的人数。研究和长时间使用数字屏幕是DES的独立危险因素。进一步的研究调查DES的患病率和危险因素，比较大流行期间和之后的类似数据，可能会揭示由基于虚拟现实的训练引起的DES的其他方面。
■在大流行期间进行了一项横断面在线调查，2020年5月和6月。在线问卷旨在收集有关DES相关的眼部和眼外表现的数据。这项调查是通过社交媒体发送给前一年医学院的学生和教职员工的，坦塔大学,坦塔,埃及。下载并分析答复。
■在完成问卷的412名参与者中，34（8.3％）是大学教职员工，平均年龄（标准差[SD]）为36.7（6.6）岁，378（91.7％）是大学生，平均（SD）年龄为20.8（1.8）岁。在封锁前，有DES症状的参与者人数为294（71.4％），上个月增加到366(88.8%)，84正在开发新的DES。大多数参与者报告了与DES相关的眼部症状。封锁之后,学生和教职员工在夜间使用数字屏幕和看电视方面都有明显的延长，增加4项患者健康问卷（PHQ-4）严重程度量表评分，焦虑和抑郁，白天阅读时间减少（均P<0.05）。学生白天使用数字屏幕和看电视的时间显着延长，使用眼睛润滑剂的频率和平均感知压力量表（PSS）-4得分增加（均P<0.05）。多元logistic回归分析显示，通过比值比（95％置信区间）10.60（2.12-53.00）和3.99（1.71-9.34），(均P<0.05)。
■大学的封锁和关闭，随着向在线学习的转变，增加了工作人员和学生对数字屏幕的接触，以及使用DES的人数。研究和长时间使用数字屏幕是DES的独立危险因素。进一步的研究调查DES的患病率和危险因素，比较大流行期间和之后的类似数据，可能会揭示由基于虚拟现实的训练引起的DES的其他方面。
