Abstract：
Recently, much attention has been focused on the application of the Ionic Liquids (ILs) with herbicidal activity in agriculture. It has been suggested that through the appropriate selection of cations and anions, one can adjust the properties of ILs, particularly the hydrophobicity, solubility, bioavailability, toxicity. In practical agricultural conditions, it will be beneficial to reduce the mobility of herbicidal anions, such as the commonly applied 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D] in the soil. Furthermore, microplastics are becoming increasingly prevalent in the soil, potentially stimulating herbicidal sorption. Therefore, we investigated whether cations in ILs influence the mobility of anions in OECD soil supplemented with polystyrene microplastic (PS). For this purpose, we used the 2,4-D based ILs consisting of: a hydrophilic choline cation [Chol][2,4-D] and a hydrophobic choline cation with a C12chain [C12Chol][2,4-D]. Characterization of selected micropolystyrene was carried out using the BET sorption-desorption isotherm, particle size distribution and changes in soil sorption parameters such as soil sorption capacity and cation exchange capacity. Based on the batch sorption experiment, the effect of microplastic on the sorption of individual cations and anions in soil contaminated with micropolystyrene was evaluated. The results obtained indicate that the introduction of a 1-10% (w/w) PS resulted in an 18-23% increase of the soil sorption capacity. However, the sorption of both ILs\' cations increased only by 3-5%. No sorption of the [2,4-D] anion was noted. This suggests that cations and anions forming ILs, behave independently of each other in the environment. The results indicate the fact that ILs upon introduction into the environment are not a new type of emerging contaminant, but rather a typical mixture of ions. It is worth noting that when analyzing the behavior of ILs in the environment, it is necessary to follow the fate of both cations and anions.
摘要：
最近,具有除草活性的离子液体（ILs）在农业中的应用受到了广泛的关注。有人建议通过适当选择阳离子和阴离子，可以调整IL的属性，特别是疏水性，溶解度，生物利用度，毒性。在实际农业条件下，这将有利于降低除草阴离子的流动性，例如土壤中常用的2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸[2,4-D]。此外，微塑料在土壤中越来越普遍，潜在的刺激除草吸附。因此,我们研究了IL中的阳离子是否会影响补充有聚苯乙烯微塑料（PS）的OECD土壤中阴离子的迁移率。为此,我们使用了基于2,4-D的IL，其包括：亲水性胆碱阳离子[Chol][2,4-D]和具有C12链[C12Chol][2,4-D]的疏水性胆碱阳离子。使用BET吸附-解吸等温线对选定的微聚苯乙烯进行表征，粒径分布和土壤吸附参数的变化，如土壤吸附能力和阳离子交换能力。在间歇吸附实验的基础上,评估了微塑料对被微聚苯乙烯污染的土壤中单个阳离子和阴离子吸附的影响。获得的结果表明，引入1-10％（w/w）PS会导致土壤吸附能力增加18-23％。然而,两种IL阳离子的吸附仅增加了3-5%。没有注意到[2,4-D]阴离子的吸附。这表明阳离子和阴离子形成IL，在环境中彼此独立。结果表明，引入环境后的IL并不是一种新型的新兴污染物，而是典型的离子混合物。值得注意的是，在分析环境中IL的行为时，有必要遵循阳离子和阴离子的命运。
