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Abstract：
Mechanobiology comprises how cells perceive different mechanical stimuli and integrate them into a process called mechanotransduction; therefore, the related mechanosignaling cascades are generally important for biomedical research. The ongoing discovery of key molecules and the subsequent elucidation of their roles in mechanobiology are fundamental to understanding cell responses and tissue conditions, such as homeostasis, aging, senescence, wound healing, and cancer. Regarding the available literature on these topics, it becomes abundantly clear that in vitro cell systems from different species and tissues have been and are extremely valuable tools for enabling the discovery and functional elucidation of key mechanobiological players. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the significant contributions of in vitro cell systems to the identification and characterization of three such key players using the selected examples of yes-associated protein (YAP), its paralog transcriptional co-activator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and their involvement in wound healing, cancer, aging, and senescence. In addition, the reader is given suggestions as to which future prospects emerge from the in vitro studies discussed herein and which research questions still remain open.
摘要：
机械生物学包括细胞如何感知不同的机械刺激并将其整合到称为机械转导的过程中；因此，相关的机械信号级联通常对生物医学研究很重要。关键分子的不断发现以及随后对其在机械生物学中的作用的阐明是理解细胞反应和组织状况的基础。比如稳态，老化，衰老，伤口愈合，和癌症。关于这些主题的现有文献，很明显，来自不同物种和组织的体外细胞系统已经并且是非常有价值的工具，用于发现和功能阐明关键的机械生物学参与者。因此,这篇综述旨在讨论体外细胞系统对使用Yes相关蛋白（YAP）的选定示例识别和表征三个关键参与者的重要贡献，具有PDZ结合基序（TAZ）的旁系转录共激活因子，和粘着斑激酶（FAK）及其参与伤口愈合，癌症,老化，和衰老。此外,读者可以从本文讨论的体外研究中得出哪些未来前景，以及哪些研究问题仍未解决。
